General Anatomy And Radiographic Positioning Terminology Flashcards by Melissa Unknown

The term applied to the science of the structure of the body

Anatomy

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Study of function of the body organs

Physiology

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The detailed study of the body of knowledge relating to the bones of the body

Osteology

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Name four fundamental body planes

-Sagittal
-Coronal
-Horizontal
-oblique

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Which plane divides the body into right and left segments passing vertically from front to back

Sagittal plane

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Is a specific Sagittal plane that passes through midline and divides the body into equal right and left halves

Midsagittal plane

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What plane passes through the body vertically from side to side dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts

Coronal

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Is the specific plane that passes through midline and divides the body into equal anterior and posterior halves

Midcoronal plane

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What plane passes through the body or body part at right angles longitudinal axis dividing the body into superior and inferior portions (also called transverse, axial or cross sectional planes)

Horizontal plane

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What plane passes through a body part at any angle between the other planes

Oblique

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What planes transects the body at the pelvis at the top of the iliac crest

Interiliac plane

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What plane is formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with jaws closed

Occlusal plane

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Name the body cavities

-cranial
-thoracic
-Abdominal
-pelvic

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What does the thoracic cavity include

Pleural membranes
Lung
Trachea
Esophagus
Pericardium
Heart and great vessels

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What does the abdominal cavity contain

Peritoneum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Intestines
Kidneys
Ureters
Major blood vessels

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What does the pelvic portion contain

Rectum
Urinary bladder
Part of the reproductive system

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What is the chest and abdomen bordered by

Diaphragm

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What are two methods the abdomen is divided

Quadrants and regions

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What are the four quadrants

Right upper
Right lower
Left upper
Left lower

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What are the 9 regions

Superior regions
(Right hypochondrium, epigastrium, left hypochondrium)
Middle regions (right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar)
Inferior regions (right inguinal, hypogastrium, left inguinal)

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What is C1

Mastoid tip

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What is C2 and C3

Gonion (angle of mandible)

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What is C3, C4

Hyoid bone

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What is C5

Thyroid cartilage

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What is C7, T1

Vertebra prominens

What is T1

Approximately 2 inches above level of jugular notch

What is T2,T3

Level of jugular notch

What is T4,T5

Level of sternal angle

What is T7

Level of inferior angles of scapulae

What is T9,T10

Level of xiphold process

What is L2,L3

Inferior of coastal margin

What is L4,L5

Level of superior most aspect of iliac crests

What is S1,S2

Level of anterior superior iliac spine

What is coccyx

Level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters

What does body habitus mean

The common variations in the shape of the human body

Name the four body habitus’s

Sthenic- average Hyposthenic -slender Hypersthenic- very large Astheic- very slender

Which two body habitus are average

Sthenic and hyposthenic

Which two body habitus are extremes

Hypersthenic and asthenic

What is the term for skeletal divisions , general bone features, bone development and classification of bones

Osteology

What are some bone functions

Attachment for muscles , basis for movement, protection, support frame, production of red and white blood cells, storage for calcium,phosphorus and other salts

How many bones are in the body

206

What two main groups is the skeletal divisions

Axial and appendicular skeleton

What is the axial skeleton

Supports and protects the head, neck and trunk

What is appendicular skeleton

Arms and legs

What is tough, fibrous connective tissue that covers bone, except at articulate ends

Periosteum

What lines marrow cavity

Endosteum

What is the term that applies to the development and formation of bones

Ossification

What are the shape classifications of bones

Long Flat Irregular Short Sesamoid

What type of bones consist of body and two enlarged articulated ends

Long bones

Give an example of long bones

Femur and humerus

What bones consist mainly of cancellous bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone

Short bones

What is an example of short bones

Carpal bones

What bones consist of two plates of compact bones

Flat bones

What is an example of a flat bone

Sternum and cranium

What bones are peculiarly shaped

Irregular bones

What is an example of irregular bones

Vertebrae and facial bones

What’s bones are small oval bones that develop in and near tendons and protect the tendons from excessive wear

Sesamoid bones

Example of Sesamoid bone

Largest is patella

Defined as the study of joints or articulations between bones

Arthology

What are the three subdivisions based on mobility of joints

Synarthroses- immovable Ampiarthroses- slightly moveable Diarthroses- freely moveable

Three distinct groups based on connective tissues

Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

What joints are immovable

Fibrous

Three types of fibrous joints

Syndemosis Suture Gomphosis

What joint is slightly moveable

Cartilaginous

Two types of cartilaginous joints

Symphysis and synhondrosis

What joint is freely moveable

Synovial

6 types of synovial joints

Gliding Hinge Pivot Ellipsoid Saddle Ball and socket

What is the simplest synovial joint

Gliding

Example of gliding

Inter carpal and inter tarsal

What joint permits flexion and extension only

Hinge joint

Example of hinge joint

Elbow and knee

What joint allows rotation around a single axis

Pivot

Example of pivot joint

C1-C2

What joint allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction

Ellipsoid

What is an example of Ellipsoid joint

Radiocarpal (wrist)

What joint allows movement similar to Ellipsoid difference is shape of the articulation surface

Saddle

Example of saddle joint

Thumb

What joint permits widest range of motion

Ball and socket

Examples of ball and socket

Hip and shoulder

What is a fracture

Break in bone

Types of fractures

Closed , open, non-displaced and displaced

Forward or front part of the body or of a part

Anterior (ventral)

Back part of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

Parts away from the head of the body

Caudal

Toward the head

Cephalic

Nearer the head or situated above

Superior

Nearer the feet or situated below

Inferior

Mid area or main part of an organ

Central

At or near the surface, edge, or outside of another body part

Perioheral

Toward the median plane of the body or toward the middle of a body part

Medial

Away from the median plane or away from the middle of a part

Lateral

Near the skin of surface

Superficial

Far from the surface

Deep

Farthest from the point of attachment or origin

Distal

Nearer to the pint of attachment or origin

Proximal

Outside the body part

Extenal

Inside the body or part

Internal

The wall or lining of a body cavity

Parietal

Covering of an organ

Visceral

Parts in the same side of the body

Ipsilateral

Parts in the opposite side of the body

Contralateral

Palm of the hand

Palmar

Sole of the foot

Plantar

Anterior or top of the foot or back of the hand

Dorsum

-Defined as the path of the cr as it exits the X-ray tune passing through the patient to the ir - identified by the entrance and exit points of the body

Projection

-overall poster of the pt or herbal body position -also refers to the specific placement of the body or part in relation to the table or IR

Position

-used to describe the body part as seen by the IR -exact opposite of projection

View

Refers to a specific radio graphic projection developed by an individual

Method

What are the essential projections

AP PA AXIAL

CR enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior

CR enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior

Longitudinal angle of the CR of 10 degrees or more

Axial

CR directed along the outer margin of a curved body surface

Tangential

CR enters one side of the body passing transversely along the coronal plane

Lateral

CR enters from side angle

Oblique

Erect or vertical

Upright

Upright but sitting on a stool

Seated

Lying down in any position

Recumbent

Lying on back

Supine

Lying face down

Prone

Supine with the head lower than the feat

Trendelenburgs position

Supine with the head elevated

Fowler’s position

Recumbent with pt lying on left anterior side with left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed

Sims position

Erect position of attention with the palms facing forward

Anatomical position

It specifically indicated that the body part must be placed exactly in the anatomical position

True projection

Names according to the side of the pt that is placed closer to the IR

Lateral position

Supine with knees and lips flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally, supported by ankle supports

Lithotomy position

Body is rotated so that the formal plane is not parallel with the table or IR angle if rotation is specific for anatomy or interest Named according to side and surface of body closer to table or IR

Recumbent position with a horizontal CR

Decubitus position

Upright position in which the pt is leaning backward

Lordotic

Movement of a part away from the central axis of the body

Abduct

Movement of a part toward the central axis of the body

Adduct

Straightening of a joint

Extension

Bending of a joint

Flexion

Forced or excessive extension

Hyperextension

Forced over flexion

Hyperflexion

Outward turning of the foot at the ankle

Evert /eversion

Inward Turing of the foot at the ankle

Invert/ inversion

Rotation of forearm so that the palm is down

Pronate

Rotation of forearm so that palm is up

Supinate

Turning of the body or part around it’s axis Rotation of a limb is either medial or lateral

Rotate / rotation

Circular movement of a limb

Circumduction

Tipping or slanting a body part slightly

Tilt

A Turing away from the regular or standard course

Deviation

General Anatomy And Radiographic Positioning Terminology Flashcards

(144 cards)