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Radiology Positioning > Thoracic Viscera > Flashcards

Thoracic Viscera Flashcards

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1
Q

Determines the shape, position and movement of the internal organs

A

Body habitus

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2
Q

Four types of body habitus

A

Hypersthenic
Sthenic
Asthenic
Hyposthenic

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3
Q

-Bounded by the walls of the thorax
- extends from the superior thoracic aperture to the inferior thoracic aperture

A

Thoracic cavity

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4
Q

Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

A

Diaphragm

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5
Q

-Contains the lungs and the heart
-Organs of the respiratory
-cardiovascular
-lymphatic systems
-inferior portion of esophagus
-thymus gland

A

Thoracic cavity

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6
Q

Three separate chambers of the thoracic cavity

A
  • pericardial
    -right and left pleural cavities
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7
Q

-Separates the two pleural cavities
-In the middle between the two lungs
-contains all the thoracic structures , except lungs and pleurae

A

Mediastinum

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8
Q

How many chambers does the right lung have

A

Three

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9
Q

How many chambers does the left lung have

A

Two

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10
Q

Respiratory system contains

A

Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Two lungs

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11
Q

Fibrous, muscular tube with 16 to 20 C shaped cartilaginous rings in its walls for strength

A

Trachea

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12
Q

The trachea is anterior to the (blank)

A

Esophagus

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13
Q

Trachea lies (blank)

A

Midline

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14
Q

Is a hooklike process on the last cartilage

A

Carina

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15
Q

Trachea divides or bifurcates at carina

A
  • right primary bronchus
    -left primary bronchus
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16
Q

Which bronchial is Shorter and wider and more vertical than the left

A

Right primary bronchus

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17
Q

Subdivisions of bronchial tree

A

Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
terminal bronchioles

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18
Q

Where exchange of oxygen occurs

A

Alveolar sacs

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19
Q

Organs of respiration

A

Lungs

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20
Q

Which lung is shorter

A

Right lung is shorter than left because of presence of liver

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21
Q

During inspiration lungs move :

A

Inferiorly

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22
Q

During expiration lungs move :

A

Superiorly

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23
Q

Lungs move in three directions

A

1) inferior and superior
2) anterior and posterior
3) transversely

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24
Q

Enclosed in a double walled serous membrane sac called the pleura

A

Lungs

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25
What pleura is the inner layer
Visceral pleura
26
What pleura is the outer layer
Parietal pleura
27
Area of thorax bounded by sternum anteriorly, spine posteriorly, And lungs laterally
Mediastinum
28
Structures associated in the mediastinum
Heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus , lymphatics, nerves, fibrous tissue , fat
29
Aspirated foreign objects are more likely to lodge in the :
Right primary bronchus
30
The level of the trachea bifurcation is the :
Carina
31
Pt. Prep General pt position Image receptor / collimated field size Source to image receptor distance Marker Protection Pt instructions
General procedural guidelines
32
Patient prep
Removal of artifacts from the anatomy of interest (long earrings, necklace, clothing artifacts)
33
Upright or seated erect
Ambulatory patients
34
-Determine whether air fluid levels are critical to diagnosis -may have to substitute a decubitus position if patient cannot sit upright
Nonambulatory
35
SID for chest X-rays
72 inches to minimize magnification of heart and increase recorded detail
36
Reasons to take an X-ray on one inspiration and one expiration :
Pneumothorax Diaphragm movement Foreign body Atelectasis (collapse of lungs)
37
Essential projections for chest
PA lateral PA oblique AP oblique AP AP axial
38
PA chest patient position
Upright , If possible to demonstrate air or fluid levels and allow diaphragm to move to its lowest position
39
PA chest Part position
-pt faces vertical grid device with MSP centered -weight equally on both feed -top of IR 1 1/2 to 2 inches above shoulders -flex elbows and rest back of hands low on hips -depress shoulders into same transverse plane -roll shoulders forward
40
PA chest central ray
-Perpendicular to center of IR -enters at MSP and level of T7
41
Breathing technique for PA chest
Exposure should be made at the end of second deep inspiration
42
Lateral chest patient position
Upright, if possible Top of IR 1 1/2 to 2 inches above shoulders
43
Lateral chest part position
-true lateral position -MSP parallel with IR -mid coronal plane perpendicular to IR -shoulder in contact with grid -extend arms over head , flex elbows , and rest forearms on head
44
Lateral chest CR
-directed perpendicular to IR -enters patient on MCP at level of T7
45
Lateral chest breathing technique
Exposure made at end of second deep inspiration
46
PA oblique Chest patient position
Upright Standing Or seated
47
PA oblique Chest Part position
-45% LAO or RAO -top of IR 1 1/2 to 2 inches above vertebra prominens -arms positioned out or collimated field
48
PA oblique chest CR
-perpendicular to IR -enters at level of T7
49
Breathing technique for PA oblique chest
Two breaths : exposure made after second full inspiration
50
What lung does RAO best demonstrate
Left lung
51
What king does LAO best demonstrate
Right lung
52
AP oblique chest patient position and part position
-upright or recumbent -45% LPO or RPO -arms out of field -shoulders in same transverse plane
53
AP oblique chest CR:
-perpendicular to IR center - enters 3 inches below the jugular notch -two breaths in and exposure made on second full inspiration
54
RAO = LPO LAO = RPO
55
AP chest pt position
Supine Used when pt is too Ill for upright position
56
AP chest part position
-center MSP to IR -top of IR 1 1/2 to 2 inches above shoulders -if permits flex elbows , probate hands and place hands on hips to draw scapula laterally -adjust shoulders into same transverse place
57
AP CHEST CR:
-perpendicular to long axis of sternum and center of IR -enters 3 inches below jugular notch -exposure made after second full inspiration
58
-heart and great vessels are magnified and engorged -lungs appear shorter due to abdominal compression -clavicles project higher -ribs have a more horizontal appearance
AP supine chest
59
Method of AP axial chest lordotic position
Lindbolm method
60
AP Axial chest lordotic position
-upright , facing tube -approx 1 food in front of grid
61
AP axial chest lordotic position Part position :
- MSP centered to midline of grip -assist pt to lean backward until shoulders rest on grid -top of IR placed 3 inches above shoulders when pt in lordotic position
62
AP axial chest CR :
-Perpendicular to IR -enter MSP at midsternum - exposure made after second full inspiration
63
When a patient can not tilt backwards you can direct a 15 to 20 angle cephalic
AP axial chest (lordotic)
64
AP axial Lordotic chest is to mainly see:
Apices
65
Essential projections for lungs and pleurae
-AP or PA -right or lateral decubitus position - Lateral - ventral or dorsal decubitus position
66
AP/PA lateral decubitus position Patient position
-lateral decubitus on right or left side -to demonstrate fluid, patient should lie on affected side - to demonstrate free air, pt should be positioned on unaffected side -pt needs to be in position for 5 minutes for optimal pathology visualization
67
AP/PA lateral decubitus position. Part position :
-elevate body 2 to 3 inches if lying on affected side -true lateral without rotation - extend arms over head - anterior or posterior surface of chest against vertical grid device -top of IR 1 1/2 to 2 inches beyond shoulders
68
AP/PA LATERAL DECUBITUS POSITION CR:
-horizontal and perpendicular to center of IR -enters MSP at 3 inches below jugular notch for AP , T7 for PA -exposure made on second full inspiration
69
Side up to show air level Side down to show fluid level Horizontal beam
Decubitus
70
What side shoes air level and what side shows fluid level
Side up- air level Side down- fluid level
71
Lateral ventral or dorsal decubitus position Pt position and part position:
Pt position - prone or supine -body elevated 2 to 3 inches (sponge) Part position -true prone or supine position without roatation -affected side against vertical grid device -arms above head Top of IR AT LEVEL OF THYROID CARTILAGE
72
Lateral ventral or dorsal decubitus position CR:
-horizontal and perpendicular to IR -enters at level of MSP 3 to 4 inches below jugular notch dorsal decubitus , T7 for ventral decubitus -exposure made after second full inspiration -pt should be in position for Atleast 5 minutes before exposure to allow fluid to settle or air to rise
73
Decubitus is to mainly see:
Pleurasie

Radiology Positioning (8 decks)

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