GENERAL AND ORAL PATHOLOGY, GENERAL AND ORAL MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY AND MICRIOBIO

Question 2

It is the most effective alcohol concentration for disinfection of bacteria -contaminated surfaces

Answer 2

70% isopropyl alcohol

Question 3

It is the most common malignant tumor of childhood and infancy

Answer 3

Neuronblastomas

Question 4

Characteristics of fungus.

Answer 4

-Dimorphic
-Septated
-Sporulate

Question 5

It is a dense, fibrous connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the bone that may serve as attachment site for ligaments or tendons.

Answer 5

Periosteum

Question 6

The absence of six or more teeth is known as

Answer 6

Oligodontia

Question 7

Potential carcinogens is most likely to produce free radicals

Answer 7

Ionizing radiation

Question 8

What layers is thickest in veins?

Answer 8

Tunica adventitia

Question 9

The class of antibodies first detected in serum after primary immunization

Answer 9

IgM

Question 10

The ___ differentiates into ameloblasts.

Answer 10

Inner enamel epithelium in the bell stage

Question 11

Is used as a vaccine against tuberculosis.

Answer 11

BCG vaccine

Question 12

The cellular organelle responsible for cholesterol and steroidal synthesis is ___.

Answer 12

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

It is a prokaryotic organelle that functions similarly to eukaryotic mitochondria.

Answer 13

Mesosome

Question 14

Yellow granules found on the buccal mucosa or on the lips are probably:

Answer 14

Fordyce spots

Question 15

Type of hypoxia due to decrease oxygen absorbed by the lungs?

Answer 15

Hypoxemic hypoxia

Question 16

Which is true about the enamel prisms or enamel rods?

Answer 16

They are oriented perpendicular to the external surface.

Question 17

Which is true about nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?

Answer 17

-Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of a lot of protein, whereas nephritic syndrome involves the loss of a lot of blood.
-Nephrotic syndrome is more commonly associated with edema than nephritic syndrome.
-Hematuria is eminent in nephritic syndrome.

Question 18

the capacity to grow in either filamentous or yeast form is termed as ____.

Answer 18

Dimorphism

Question 19

A cigarette-smoking patient notice a gradual onset of progressive, labored breathing characterized by prolonged, expiratory effort. The most likely diagnosis is:

Answer 19

Pulmonary emphysema

Question 20

The three types of genetic disorders are:

Answer 20

-Single gene
-Chromosomal
-Multifactorial

Question 21

Precipitates of salivary glycoproteins that covers the tooth surface.

Answer 21

Pellicle

Question 22

These are short, newly synthesized DNA sequences that are formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication.

Answer 22

Okazaki

Question 23

Soap has antiseptic properties primarily because it can.

Answer 23

Remove microorganism mechanically

Question 24

Which will determine the number of roots to be formed?

Answer 24

Epithelial diaphragm

Question 25

Staging of malignancies is of value in determining the ___.

Answer 25

Prognosis

Question 26

When horse serum is injected intravenously into a rabbit again and again into the skin. 2 or 3 weeks later, necrotizing reaction occurs at the site of the second injection. This is known as:

Answer 26

Arthus phenomenon

Question 27

What is the correct sequence of zygotic cell cleavage?

Answer 27

Zygote, Blastomere, Morula, Blastula

Question 28

it is responsible for the solidification of the culture media.

Answer 28

Agar

Question 29

What is true about the law of specific nerve energies by Johannes muller?

Answer 29

Perception is defined by the pathway over which sensory information is carried.

Question 30

A patient went to your clinic presenting a thick, white exophytic mass with a cauliflower appearance in the maxillary alveolar tuberosity. History taking reveals that the patient has been chewing betel nut for over 40 years. What is the probable diagnosis of the lesion?

Answer 30

Verrucous carcinoma

Question 31

Dentin contains how much inorganic content?

Answer 31

70%

Question 32

The epithelial lining of the inner lip, inner cheeks, floor of the mouth and ventral surface of the tongue.

Answer 32

Non-keratinized squamous epithelium

Question 33

It refers to the death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to diasease, injury, or failure of blood supply.

Answer 33

Necrosis

Question 34

Primordia of dental pulp is __.

Answer 34

Dental papilla

Question 35

Advantages of pasteurization ] are:

Answer 35

-It kills bacteria and spores -it kills 95% of microorganisms -Tubercle bacili are destroyed -

Question 36

Organisms reproducing mainly by spore formation, which elaborate no endotoxin and grow on Sabouraud's media are:

Answer 36

Fungi

Question 37

A rare autoimmune disorder of peripheral nerves in which antibodies form against nicotinic receptors at the myoneural junction.

Answer 37

Myasthenia gravis

Question 38

Reticular connective tissues are found in which organs?

Answer 38

Bone marrow and spleen

Question 39

What is the most probably diagnosis of a lesion that presents as a translucent, bluish, well-rounded, smooth-surfaced bulged that protrudes from one side of the floor of the mouth?

Answer 39

Ranula

Question 40

Bacteria uses this enzyme to convert plasminogen to plasmin

Answer 40

Streptokinase

Question 41

Which of the ff. prevents cracking of enamel during mastication

Answer 41

Hunter-Schreger

Question 42

Component Freund's adjuvant solution.

Answer 42

-Mineral oil -Dried mycobacterium

Question 43

Kind of protozoa.

Answer 43

-Toxoplasma -Plasmodium -Entamoeba

Question 44

Mesophilic organisms are microbes that produce optimal growth at what temperatures?

Answer 44

25 degrees to 40 degrees celsius

Question 45

The most common cause of secondary hypertension is:

Answer 45

Kidney disease

Question 46

At what week does the tongue begins to develop?

Answer 46

4th week

Question 47

In hematology, a "shift to the left" infers an increase in circulating

Answer 47

Immature neutrophils.

Question 48

The actual cause for Reye's syndrome is unknown but researchers found a link between the disease and which of the ff. drugs?

Answer 48

Aspirin

Question 49

Statement regarding eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Answer 49

Eukaryotes have diploid chromosome while prokaryotes have haploid.

Question 50

Clinical manifestation of striae of retzius or incremental growth lines in enamel.

Answer 50

Imbrication lines of pickerill

Question 51

Odontogenic keratocyst is derived from which of the ff.

Answer 51

Remnants of dental lamina

Question 52

It is the main component of dental plaque

Answer 52

Microorganism

Question 53

Osteoporosis, metastatic calcifications, renal stones, increase serum calcium level are manifestations of:

Answer 53

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 54

For routine histopathologic examination, the most commonly used fixative for the tissue is ___.

Answer 54

10% formalin

Question 55

Prolonged antibiotic therapy may predispose an individual to develop an infection due to which microorganism?

Answer 55

Candida

Question 56

Which is an example of natural passive immunity?

Answer 56

Placental transfer of mother's antibody

Question 57

Contract HIV will cause someone to weaken their immune system. A diagnosis of AIDS will be given if the CD4 count will be ___.

Answer 57

<200 cells per cubic millimeter

Question 58

Biopsy of a smooth, red, protruding lesion at the tip of the tongue reveals a stratified squamous epithelium covering loose, fibrous connective tissue that contains many thin-walled, engorged, vascular spaces. The diagnosis is:

Answer 58

Hemangioma

Question 59

A type of disease found within the people of a community

Answer 59

Endemic

Question 60

This is the virus that causes hand-foot-mouth disease

Answer 60

Coxsackie virus

Question 61

The exocrine glands of mucous membranes predominantly produce which of the ff. types of antibodies?

Answer 61

IgA

Question 62

The dominant intrahepatic cause of portal hypertension is?

Answer 62

Cirrhosis

Question 63

Present in eukaryotic cells are:

Answer 63

-Membrane bound organelles -Membrane bound nucleus -Linear DNA

Question 64

Statements about necrosis. Which describes liquefaction necrosis?

Answer 64

It is a kind of necrosis which results to transformation of the tissue into liquids

Question 65

When sterilizing dental instruments, the best method is by ___.

Answer 65

Autoclave

Question 66

Triglycerides synthesized in the liver are transported in the blood to the adipocytes in the form of ____.

Answer 66

VLDL

Question 67

Which alimentary canal tunic has the greatest abundance of lymph nodules?

Answer 67

Submucosa

Question 68

Functions of bacterial cells wall are:

Answer 68

- Maintains the shape of the cell -prevents osmotic lysis of the cell -Protects the internal components of bacteria.

Question 69

Diseases presents cafe-au-lait spots:

Answer 69

-Jaffe-Lischtenstein -Von recklinghausen's disease of the skin

Question 70

Enamel contains:

Answer 70

96% inorganic material

Question 71

Aflaatoxins are naturally occuring fungal toxins that are commonly found in:

Answer 71

-Aspergillus -Diary products -Nuts

Question 72

Oxyphilic cells are found in which organs?

Answer 72

Parathyroid gland

Question 73

Hertwig's epithelial sheath plays an important role in the development of:

Answer 73

Roots

Question 74

This is a kind of fungal infection involving airborne spores from bat droppings.

Answer 74

Histoplasmosis

Question 75

Legionella or legionnaire's disease is a severe form of pneumonia that is most commonly transmitted through

Answer 75

Aerosols of contaminated water sources

Question 76

Which promote fluid retention in the interstitial compartment?

Answer 76

-Lymphatic obstruction -Increased capillary permeability -Decrease osmotic pressure of the blood -Increase hydrostatic pressure of the blood.

Question 77

The most commonly used staining method for studying cells.

Answer 77

Hematoxylin and Eosin

Question 78

The presence of bluish-red-whitish koplik spots in the oral mucosa is characterized by which diseases?

Answer 78

Measlesm

Question 79

Hyphae are filaments made up of fungi cells. The 3 types of hypae are septate, aseptate and Pseudohyphae (true or false)

Answer 79

Both statement are true

Question 80

This is the main class of serum antibodies found in birds, amphibians and reptiles

Answer 80

IgY

Question 81

Main enzymes found in cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 81

Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase

Question 82

Vesiculobullous disorders features an autoantibody that localizes in the intercecullar cementing substance of stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 82

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Question 83

The metabolic pathway that converts arachidonic acid into prosthaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxanes.

Answer 83

Cyclooxygenase

Question 84

This is a kind of organism that does not make its own food.

Answer 84

Heterotrophs

Question 85

-Premeloblast came from inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. -Tooth germ layers are derived from ectoderm -Hertwig's epithelial root sheath came from cervical loop of the enamel organ (true or false)

Answer 85

All statement true

Question 86

It is a type of graft materials that is passed from one person to another person.

Answer 86

Allograft

Question 87

When a thrombotic embolus originates in a femoral vein, it usually becomes arrested in the

Answer 87

Pulmonary circulation

Question 88

These cells modulate inflammatory responses and kill parasitic worms and helminths using enzymes

Answer 88

Eosinophils

Question 89

Bence Jones proteinuria and hyperglobulinemia is characteristics of:

Answer 89

Multiple myeloma

Question 90

Normal-sized red blood cells with low RBC count

Answer 90

Normocytic Anemia

Question 91

Treatment for xerostomia

Answer 91

Carboxy methyl cellulose

Question 92

When using autoclave to sterilize instruments for 15mins. The recommended temperature is:

Answer 92

121 degrees celsius

Question 93

Endocrine disorders can contribute to secondary hypertension are:

Answer 93

-Cushing syndrome -Diabetes -Pheochromocytoma -Hyperthyroidism

Question 94

This branchial arch gives rise to the three swellings during tongue development

Answer 94

1st

Question 95

It is the process by which plasmid is transferred using sex pilus from one organism to another.

Answer 95

Conjugation

Question 96

It is a kind of microorganism that is unable to replicate on its own.

Answer 96

Virus

Question 97

Gustatory sweating is the chief symptom in:

Answer 97

Frey syndrome

Question 98

Oral mucosa ulcerations caused by cancer therapeutic drugs is usually due to:

Answer 98

Neutropenia

Question 99

Mechanism through which HIV is transmitted

Answer 99

-Needle prick injury -Blood transmission -Sexual intercourse

Question 100

Lymphangioma is most closely related to:

Answer 100

Cystic hygroma

Question 101

This is the most commonly used agent for chemical sterilization in health care facilities

Answer 101

Ethylene oxide gas