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NUR 107: Intro To Pharm (Module Four) > General Antimicrobial/Infection > Flashcards

General Antimicrobial/Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What lab values are relevant the treatment of infections?

A

Culture and Sensitivity
WBC

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2
Q

What is a normal WBC

A

5,000-10,000

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3
Q

What are the assessments are needed to monitor the status of the infection?

A
  • Temp
  • Source of infection/ assess for improving/worsening symptoms
  • WBC improvement
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4
Q

_______ only treat bacterial infections; they do not treat viral infections.

A

Antibiotics

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5
Q

Slow the growth of bacteria

A

Bacteriostatic agents

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6
Q

Kill bacteria

A

Bactericidal agents

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7
Q

As organisms mutate, strains may develop that are resistant to antibiotics that were previously effective against earlier versions of that organism.

A

Acquired Resistance

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8
Q

Factors that contribute to the rising number of resistant organisms include:

A
  1. Failure to complete antibiotic prescriptions.
  2. Overuse of antibiotics when the infection is not bacteria
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9
Q

________ often driven by an enzyme produced by the organism called __________. This enzyme can inactivate many antibiotics that have a _______ ring.

A

Resistance; beta-lactamase; beta-lactam

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10
Q

adding a beta-lactamase inhibitor as a component of the antibiotic makes the organism vulnerable to the antibiotic once more.

A

Treatment of acquired resistance

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11
Q
  • Educate patients to ________ all antibiotic prescriptions.
  • Antibiotics should only be prescribed for _____ infections. _______ infections do not respond to antibiotics and over-prescribing of antibiotics contributes to the emergence of resistant organisms.
  • Occurs when pathogen acquires gene for bacterial resistance through _______.
A

complete; bacterial; Viral; mutation

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12
Q
  1. Use of culture and sensitivity testing
  2. Broad-spectrum antibiotics
  3. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics
  4. Host factors influence choice of antibiotics
A

Selection of Antibiotics

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13
Q

Effective for a wide variety of bacteria

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

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14
Q

Effective for narrow group of bacteria

A

Narrow spectrum antibiotics

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15
Q
  • Immune system status
  • Local condition at infection site
  • Allergic reactions
  • Age
  • Pregnancy
A

Host Factors Influence Choice of Antibiotics

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16
Q
  • Examination of specimen for microorganisms (urine, blood, sputum, wound, drainage, etc.)
  • Tested for sensitivity to different antibiotics
A

Culture and sensitivity testing

17
Q

Bacteria may take several days to identify

________ hours is typical

A

48 – 72 (culture/sensitivity)

18
Q

_______ may take several weeks to identify

A

Viruses

19
Q

_____________ antibiotics may be started before lab culture results are available.
- It is ideal to collect the specimen for culture before starting antibiotics.

A

Broad spectrum

20
Q

The advantage to knowing the ________ test results (positive or negative) is that the results are available immediately and it can guide antibiotic selection.

A

gram stain

21
Q

Secondary infections that occur when too many host flora are killed by an antibiotic. Host flora prevent growth of pathogenic organisms.

A

Superinfection

22
Q

may result from the use of an antibiotic. In addition to stopping the pathogen causing the infection, the antibiotic may harm the friendly bacteria.

A

Cause of Superinfection

23
Q

_________ which may present as a yeast infection in the mouth (thrush) or as a vaginal yeast infection.

A

candidiasis (superinfection)

24
Q

_______________ often caused by C. Diff. This
condition causes severe diarrhea that may contain mucus and blood. Can occur weeks after the ATB use.

A

Pseudomembranous colitis (superinfection)

25
Q

Administration of medication to treat the secondary infection.

A

Treatment of superinfection

26
Q

A potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s response to an infection damages it’s own tissues.

A

Sepsis

27
Q

When the ____________ processes turn on the body, they cause organs to function poorly and abnormally. _________ can lead to organ failure.

A

infection-fighting; sepsis

28
Q

The risk of sepsis __________ with specific conditions such as pneumonia, urinary infections, GI infections, bloodstream
infection, and wounds or burns.

A

Increases

29
Q

The risk of sepsis is _________ in persons with a compromised immune system.

A

Increased

30
Q
  • The patient has a confirmed infection.
  • Mental Status Changes – confusion.
  • Decreased blood pressure; Respiratory rate at or above 22
  • Fever; and tachycardia
A

Signs and symptoms of sepsis

31
Q
  • Aggressive intravenous antibiotic therapy if the source is bacterial.
  • If a fungal infection is suspected, the treatment is intravenous antifungal therapy.
A

Treatment of sepsis

NUR 107: Intro To Pharm (Module Four) (17 decks)

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