General AO2

Question 1

Labov Marthas Vineyard

Answer 1

Mainlanders = No Centralisation
Islanders =Centralisation

Fishermen diverged from ‘summer people’ + used centralisation

Portuguese Community = Elders used centralisation, younger didn’t

High School Students intending to leave used less centralisation than those planning to stay
-Suggests accent = loyalty?

Question 2

Trudgill Norwich Study

Answer 2

Studied ‘walking’

Lower class = Nonstandard dropping ‘g’

Nonstandard forms of English are associated with less educated lower class people

Men use covert prestige

Question 3

Aziz Cooperation Survey

Answer 3

79% people thought strong regional accents = disadvantage

77% believe southern accent e.g. essex, kent more successful

Question 4

David Crystal Purpose of SE

Answer 4

Standard English ‘enables members of a community to better understand eachother’

Question 5

Holmes SE Definition

Answer 5

‘Undergoes regularisation, generally written, recognised as prestige’

Question 6

Jane Setter Accent Misconceptions

Answer 6

There are substandard varieties of accents

Accents have no observable rules

There are old accents that are now dying out

They are always regionally based (MLE proves this)