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Gross & Applied Anatomy I > General Arthology > Flashcards

General Arthology Flashcards

1
Q

Arthology

A

Study of joints

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2
Q

Joint classifications

A

Characterized by morphology and degree of motion (functionality).
A. Fibrous Joints
B. Cartilaginous Joints
C. Synovial Joints

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3
Q

Fibrous Joints

A 
Synarthroses.
Partially there to provide structure.
Least mobile type of bone-bone union; 
Bones held together by fibrous tissue;
Most common fibrous joint
Articulating surfaces often in almost direct contact. 
*Many joints are both synovial AND syndesmotic.
Three major types.
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4
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Amphiarthroses.
Somewhat mobile. Partially act as a buffer.
Bones held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
Allows for slight mobility plus great strength.
Two major types.

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5
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Diarthroses.
Highly mobile; mostly found in extremities where mobility is important.
Six major components of these joints.

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6
Q

Types of Fibrous Joints

A
  1. Syndemoses
  2. Sutures
  3. Gomphoses
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7
Q

Components of Synovial Joints

A

Six in total:

  1. synovial cavity
  2. articular capsule (fibrous tissue)
  3. articular cartilage (doesn’t regenerate)
  4. synovial membrane
  5. synovial fluid
  6. ligaments
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8
Q

Syndemoses

A 
Type of fibrous joint.
Union of bones by a fibrous ligament.
Ex: interosseous ligament
external sacroiliac joint
coracoclavicular joint
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9
Q

Sutures

A

Type of fibrous joint.
Margins of bones are united by sutural ligament.
A passive barrier that allows for growth.
Ex: in face, calvaria

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10
Q

Gomphoses

A

Type of fibrous joint.
Insertion of a conical process into a socket
Tooth roots into the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla

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11
Q

Gomphoses

A

Type of fibrous joint.
Insertion of a conical process into a socket
Tooth roots into the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla

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12
Q

Synchondroses

A 
Type of cartilaginous joint.
An active site for growth.
Bones joined by hyaline cartilage
Usually temporary
Bony unions of skull base, first costosternal joint, epiphyseal growth plates.
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13
Q

Symphyses

A

Type of cartilaginous joint.
Bones joined by fibrocartilage pad.
Intervertebral joints.
Ex: pubic symphysis

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14
Q

Bursae

A

May be present between tendons and opposing structures.

Reduces friction.

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15
Q

Synovial sheaths

A

Occurs around tendons of finger/toe flexors, biceps brachii m tendon, etc.

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16
Q

Fibrocartiaginous labra

A

May sometimes be present.

Ex: shoulder joint

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17
Q

Diarthroses with fibrocartilaginous discs within the joint cavity

A

Gives great articulating area and cushioning.
Ex: sternoclavicular joint
TMJ
knee joint

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18
Q

4 Major Types of Joints

A
  1. Plane joint
  2. Monoaxial
  3. Biaxial
  4. Multiaxial
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19
Q

Plane Joints

A

Slight gliding motion
Ex: zygapophseal joints of vertebrae
Internal SI joint

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20
Q

Monoaxial Joints

A

Movement in one plane only
Two types:
Hinge
Pivot

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21
Q

Hinge

A

Type of monoaxial joint.
Movement in saggital plane only
Ex: elbow, interphalangeal joints, ankle joint
Motion: Flexion, extension

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22
Q

Pivot

A

Type of monoaxial joint.
Movement in transverse plane
Atlantoaxial joint, proximal radial ulnar joint
Motion: Rotation

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23
Q

Biaxial Joints

A 
Movement in two planes at once
3 Types:
Bicondylar
Ellipsoidal
Saddle
24
Q

Bicondylar

A

Type of Biaxial joint.
Movement in sagittal and transverse planes
Modified hinge joints.
Knee, tempormandibular joint
Motions: flexion, extension and translation

25
Ellipsoidal
Type of Biaxial joint. Movement in sagittal and coronal planes. MCP, wrist. Motion: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction = i.e. circumduction (no rotation)
26
Saddle
Type of Biaxial joint. Movement in all three planes. Patellofemoral joint, first carpometacarpal joint Motion: circumlocution and opposition
27
Multiaxial Joints
Allows circumduction plus rotation. 1 Type: Ball & Socket
28
Ball and socket
Type of Multiaxial joint. Movement in all three planes. Glenohumeral joint, hip joint, sternoclavicular
29
Pectoral Girdle
Clavicle and scapula hold arm away from body to allow freedom of motion
30
Sternoclavicular joint
Ball & socket joint | Fibrous disc
31
What are the bones in the sternoclavicular joint lined with?
``` Clavicle = fibrocartilage Sternum = hyaline ```
32
Acromioclavicular joint
Plane joint Fibrocartilage disc Clavicle tends to override acromiom of scapula
33
What reinforces the weak capsule of the sternoclavicular joint?
Anterior SC ligaments Posterior SC ligaments Interclavicular ligaments Costclavicular ligaments
34
What reinforces the weak capsule of the acromioclavicular joint?
``` Coraclavicular ligament Deltoid ligament Acromioclavicular ligament Lateral trapezoid ligament (most anterior) > prevents anterior displacement Medial conoid ligament (most posterior) > prevents posterior displacement ```
35
Shoulder joint
Ball & socket Most of stability provided for by muscle tendons Head of humerus held stable by glenoid labrum Articular capsule
36
Elbow joint
Hinge joint Humeroradial (plane joint) Shaped like ball/socket, but annular ligament in way Humeroulnar (hinge joint) Abduction/adduction limited by tight fit of trochlea and trochlear notch Large olecranon bursa
37
Bursae in Shoulder joint
Subacromial/subdeltoid - outside capsule | Subscapular - communicates with capsule
38
Articulations within elbow joint
All enclosed by articular capsule Weak anteriorly/posteriorly Strong laterally/medially From coronoid fossa to epicondyles and proximal radioulnar joint
39
What reinforces the the elbow joint?
Medial collateral ligament - has 3 parts: anterior, posterior, transverse Continuous with articular capsule Lateral collateral ligament - attached to annular ligament and capsule
40
Proximal radioulnar joint
Pivot joint Pronation/Supination Annular ligament surrounds radial notch
41
Middle radioulnar joint
Syndesmosis | Created by interosseous membrane
42
Distal radioulnar joint
Pivot joint Weak articular capsule Fibrocartilaginous disc beneath ulnar head Distal radius flops over ulna in pronation/supination
43
Wrist joint
Radiocarpal | Ellipsoidal joint
44
Wrist joint
Radiocarpal Ellipsoidal joint Extensive loose articular capsule
45
Role of annular ligament in radioulnar joint
Proximal radioulnar joint Surrounds radial notch Blends with articular capsule Tightly binds radius to ulna, preventing free motion Radius can sublet out of annular ligament
46
Role of annular ligament in radioulnar joint
Proximal radioulnar joint Surrounds radial notch Blends with articular capsule Tightly binds radius to ulna, preventing free motion Radius can sublet out of annular ligament
47
Articular capsule of wrist joint reinforcement
``` Reinforced by: Dorsal radiocarpal lig (weak) Palmar radiocarpal lig Radial collateral lig Ulnar collateral lig ```
48
Wrist joint movement
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction = CIRCUMDUCTION Flexion: Action of midcarpals as well Extension: Radiocarpal only Abduction: Limited to 15* by radial styloid Adduction: 40*
49
Intercarpal joints
``` Plane joints Three sets: proximal intercarpal, midcarpal, distal intercarpal ```
50
Proximal intercarpal joints
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral Dorsal & palmar intercarpal ligaments Interosseous ligaments
51
Midcarpal joints
Capitate, hamate, scaphoid, lunate More mobile Dorsal & palmar intercarpal ligaments Interosseous ligaments
52
Distal intercarpal joints
Trapezium, Trapezoid, capitate, hamate Dorsal & palmar intercarpal ligaments Interosseous ligaments
53
CMC Joints
``` Carpometacarpal First CMC = Saddle Other CMC = Plane Loose articular capsules Dorsal and Palmar ligaments ```
54
IMC Joints
``` Intermetacarpal Between MC II - MC V Plane Dorsal and Palmar MC ligaments Transverse MC ligaments ```
55
MCP Joints
``` Metacarpophalangeal Ellipsoid Circumduction Loose articular capsules Medial & lateral collateral ligaments Abduction/adduction when fingers flexed ```
56
IP Joints
Interphalangeal Hinge Loose articular capsules Medial & lateral collateral ligaments Flexion/Extension (although limited by extension due to flexor tendons)

Gross & Applied Anatomy I (6 decks)

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