General arthrology

Question 1

Functional (based on movement allowed) classes of joints

Answer 1

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses

Question 2

Immovable joints

Answer 2

Synarthroses

Question 3

Slightly moveable joints

Answer 3

Amphiarthroses

Question 4

Freely moveable joints

Answer 4

Diarthroses

Question 5

Common types of joints of the axial skeleton

Answer 5

Synarthroses and amphiarthroses

Question 6

Structural (based on materials binding the bones) classes of joints

Answer 6

Fibrous (collagen), cartilaginous and synovial (joint cavity)

Question 7

Types of fibrous joints

Answer 7

Sutures, syndesmoses and gomphoses

Question 8

Types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 8

Synchondroses and symphyses

Question 9

Types of synovial joints

Answer 9

Plane, pivot, hinge, elipsoid (condyloid), saddle and ball and socket

Question 10

Joint between skull bones

Answer 10

Sutures (type of fibrous joint)

Question 11

Bones united by a ligament

Answer 11

Syndesmosis (type of fibrous joint)

e.g. distal joint between tibia and fibula

Question 12

Joint between tooth and jaw

Answer 12

Gomphosis (type of fibrous joint)

Question 13

Bones united by hyaline cartilage

Answer 13

Synchondroses

Question 14

Bones united by fibrocartilage

Answer 14

Symphyses

Question 15

Epiphyseal plate and joint between first rib and sternum are examples of what type of joint?

Answer 15

Synchondroses (type of cartilagenous joint)

Question 16

Joint between intervertebral discs, ribs 2 -10 and symphysis

Answer 16

Symphyses (type of cartilagenous joint)

Question 17

Synchondroses are immovable joints (true/false)

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Articular cartilage is avascular (true/false)

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Articular cartilage is innervated (true/false)

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Which fibres make up the fibrous layer of the articular capsule?

Answer 20

Collagen and elastic

Question 21

Which tissue is the synovial membrane made of?

Answer 21

Loose connective tissue

Question 22

Which tissue is the fibrous layer made of?

Answer 22

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 23

Are most nerves found in the synovial membrane or the fibrous layer of the articular capsule?

Answer 23

Fibrous layer of the articular capsule

Question 24

What are the main functions of synovial fluid?

Answer 24

Lubrication and nutrition of articular cartilage

Question 25

Term for abnormally high volumes of synovial fluid

Answer 25

Hydrops

Question 26

Are most blood vessels found in the synovial membrane or the fibrous layer of the articular capsule?

Answer 26

Synovial membrane

Question 27

Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid

Answer 27

Bursae

Question 28

Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon subjected to friction

Answer 28

Tendon sheath

Question 29

Are synchondroses mobile/slightly moveable/immobile?

Answer 29

Immobile (synarthrotic)

Question 30

Are symphyses mobile/slightly moveable/immobile?

Answer 30

Slightly mobile (amphiarthrotic)

Question 31

Are sutures mobile/slightly moveable/immobile?

Answer 31

Immobile (synarthrotic) | Short fibres

Question 32

Are syndesmoses mobile/slightly moveable/immobile?

Answer 32

Slightly moveable (amphiarthrotic) and immobile (synarthrotic)

Question 33

3 factors that influence the stability of synovial joints

Answer 33

Shape of articulating surfaces, number & positioning of ligaments and muscle tone (keeps tendons of the joint under tension)

Question 34

Ligaments contain nerves that sense stretch and pain (true/false)

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which synovial joint(s) allow(s) uniaxial movement?

Answer 35

Hinge and pivot

Question 36

Which synovial joint(s) allow(s) biaxial movement?

Answer 36

Saddle and ellipsoid (condyloid)

Question 37

Which synovial joint(s) allow(s) multiaxial movement?

Answer 37

Ball and socket joint

Question 38

Which synovial joint(s) allow(s) nonaxial movement (gliding)?

Answer 38

Plane joint

Question 39

Name the movements that can be made at a hinge joint

Answer 39

Flexion and extension

Question 40

Name the movement that can be made at a pivot joitn

Answer 40

Rotation

Question 41

Name the movements that can be made at a saddle joint

Answer 41

Flexion & extension and adduction & abduction

Question 42

Name the movements that can be made at an ellipsoid (condyloid) joint

Answer 42

Flexion & extension and adduction & abduction | Circumduction

Question 43

Name the movements that can be made at a ball and socket joint

Answer 43

Flexion & extension, adduction & abduction and rotation | Circumduction

Question 44

The joint between vertebrae is an example of what type of joint?

Answer 44

Plane

Question 45

The joint between ulna and humerus is an example of what type of joint?

Answer 45

Hinge

Question 46

The joint between ulna and radius is an example of what type of joint?

Answer 46

Pivot

Question 47

What type of joint is a metacarpophalangeal joint?

Answer 47

Ellipsoid (condyloid)

Question 48

The joint at the base of the thumb is an example of what type of joint?

Answer 48

Saddle

Question 49

The hip and shoulder joint are examples of what type of joint?

Answer 49

Ball and socket

Question 50

Position of a joint in which all ligaments are under maximum tension, joint cavity has its smallest volume and no movement is possible

Answer 50

Closed-packed position

Question 51

Position of joint in which there is maximal relaxation of ligaments & joint capsule and maximal volume of the joint cavity

Answer 51

Loose-packed position