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12 Q1 > General Biology: Cell Membrane Transport Mechanism > Flashcards

General Biology: Cell Membrane Transport Mechanism Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Plasma Membrane: Channels & Pumps

A

Transport of Molecules

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2
Q

Function of Plasma Membrane: Engulfing particles

A

Phagocytosis and Pinocytois

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3
Q

Function of Plasma Membrane: Due to the presence of carbohydrates

A

Cell-cell communication

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4
Q

Function of Plasma Membrane: Cell membrane bound receptors, enzymes, and proteins.

A

Cell signaling

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5
Q

Function of Plasma Membrane: Protects the cellular _________

A

organelles

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6
Q

Function of Plasma Membrane:
Segregates one part of the cell from another.

A

Compartmentalization

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7
Q

Function of Plasma Membrane: Myelin sheat of neurons, microvilli in intestine.

A

Membrane modifications for specialized functions

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8
Q

This refers to why small, nonpolar molecules get in ions and polar molecules don’t get in.

A

Selective Permeability

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9
Q

Cell Membrane. Described as ____________. The structure of it is FLEXIBLE and fluid rather than a rigid solid barrier.

A

fluid mosaic

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10
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model. Similar with a mosaic art, it is also made up of different molecules namely ——(4)——- that made up one functional structure, the cell membrane

A

phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates and cholesterol

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11
Q

Phospholipid.
Hydrophobic? Hydrophilic?
(a) Tail
(b) Head

A

(a) Hydrophobic
(b) Hydrophilic

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12
Q

Membrane Proteins.

  • Penetrate the hydrophobic inside of lipid bilayer.
  • most are transmembrane proteins
A

Integral Proteins

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13
Q

Membrane Proteins.

Appendages loosely bound to either surface

A

Peripheral Proteins

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14
Q

Membrane Proteins.

A receptor that binds to chemical messengers such as hormones sent by other cells

A

Receptor Protein

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15
Q

Membrane Protein.

Breaks down a chemical messenger and terminates its effect on the target cell

A

Enzyme

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16
Q

Membrane Protein.

Constantly open and allows solutes to pass into and out of the cell

A

channel protein

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17
Q

Membrane Protein.

Closes and Opens to allow solutes through only at certain times

A

Gated Channel Protein

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18
Q

Membrane Protein.

À glycoprotein acting as a —— distinguishing the body’s own cells from foreign cells

A

Cell-identity marker

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19
Q

Membrane Protein.

Binds one cell to another

A

Cell-adhesion
molecule (CAM)

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20
Q

Membrane Proteins.

Provides Hydrophilic Channel

A

Transport Proteins

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21
Q

Transport Protein.
(a) Uniport
(b) Symport
(c) Antiport

A

(a) Transports 1 substance and 1 direction
(b) Transports 2 substances 1 direction
(c) Transports 2 substances in 2 directions

22
Q

Cell Membrane. It is made up of different molecules namely (4) ________________ that made up one functional structure.

A

Phospholipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Cholesterol

23
Q

Membrane Protein.

They are embedded in the cell membrane to help transport too large molecules
such as glucose and amino acids to go through ion channels across the membrane.

A

Transport/Carrrier Protein

24
Q

What are the 2 parts of a phospholipid?

A

Hydrophilic Head & Hydrophobic Tail

25
Q

Animal Membranes. __________ reduces membrane fluidity at moderate temps by reducing phospholipid movement.

A

Cholesterol

26
Q

Animal Membranes. At LOW TEMPS it hinders _____________ by disrupting the regular packing of phospholipids.

A

solidification

27
Q

What are the 2 types of membrane proteins?

A

Integral Proteins & Peripheral Proteins

28
Q

A glucose molecule (C6H12O6) is ___________ large, and amino
acids are even bigger than that, so they need support to pass into and out of the cell.

A

24 atoms

29
Q

____________ are a very narrow tube-shaped protein that help establish a tiny pore in the cell membrane.

A

Ion Channels

30
Q

Each ion channel open and close specifically for certain ions like (4) ________________

A

Na+, K+, Cl–, Ca+2

31
Q

Glycoproteins. Glyco means carbohydrates so these are _______________.

A

proteins with carbohydrates attached to them

32
Q

____________ are always on the outside surface and are different from receptor sites.

  • Allows white blood cells to recognize your cells vs foreign ones.
A

Recognition Sites

33
Q

Glycoprotein.
(a) Cell recognition and _________
* Impart -ve charge to cell - repels other particles.
(b) Helps in inter-cellular ______________.
(c) act as ___________
(d) Cell identity markers (glycoproteins & __________), antibody processing.

A

a. communication
b. attachment/adhesion
c. receptors
d. glycolipids

34
Q

Osmosis True or False.
High Concentration moves with the flow going to solvent lower concentrations

A

True

35
Q

Recognition Sites/Cell Identity Markers.
Recognizes specific ________ and alters cell’s function in some way.

A

ligand

36
Q

It is diffusion of substance across membrane with no energy investment.

A

Passive Transport

37
Q

Diffusion. In the absence of other forces, a substance will diffuse from ___________ to ______________.

A

from where it is more concentrated to where it is less

(it will move down the concentration gradient)

38
Q

Diffusion. No work required: spontaneous because particles have _____ and are in constant motion.

A

Kinetic Energy

39
Q

Factors Affecting Diffusion Rate.
The greater the difference in concentration, the
faster the molecules will go down this hence more rapid
diffusion. The closer the distribution of the material gets to equilibrium, the slower the molecules will move and rate of diffusion decreases.

A

Concentration Gradient

40
Q

Factors Affecting Diffusion Rate.
Higher ________ increase the energy and therefore the
movement of the molecules, increasing the rate of diffusion. Lower __________
decrease the energy of the molecules, thus decreasing the rate of diffusion.

A

Temperature

41
Q

Movement of solvent (water) across a semi permeable membrane from high to
low solvent concentration where ONLY solvent moves

A

Osmosis

42
Q

Factors Affecting Diffusion Rate.
Heavier molecules move more slowly; therefore, they
diffuse more slowly. The reverse is true for lighter molecules.

A

Mass of Particles

43
Q

Factors Affecting Diffusion Rate.
Diffusion is significantly influenced by viscosity and density.

  • The denser or viscous the medium is, the harder it is for the given particle to diffuse through it. The diffusion rate would be lower.

*If the medium is less dense or less viscous, then the particles will be able to move more quickly and will diffuse faster.

A

Solvent Properties

44
Q

Channel or CARRIER PROTEINS that allow hydrophilic substances to cross membranes moving down their concentration gradients

A

Facilitated Diffusion

45
Q

ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

A

Tonicity

46
Q

Open/close mechanism works in response to stimuli (electrical, specific ligand).

A

Gated Ion Channels

47
Q

True or False.
Tonicity depends on the concentration of solutes that cannot cross membrane relative to the concentration of all solutes in cell

A

True

48
Q

Hypertonic, Hypotonic, & Isotonic.

  • Higher solute OUTSIDE
  • Higher water INSIDE
  • Water moves OUT
  • Cell SHRINKS
A

Hypertonic (Plasmolyzed)

49
Q

Hypertonic, Hypotonic, & Isotonic.

  • Equal solute
  • Equal water
  • No net movement
  • Normal
A

Isotonic (Flaccid)

50
Q

Hypertonic, Hypotonic, & Isotonic.

  • Higher solute INSIDE
  • Higher water OUTSIDE
  • Water moves IN
  • Cell SWELLS
A

Hypotonic (Turgid)

51
Q

Cell uses transport protein
* Moves substances AGAINST concentration gradient (LOWER to HIGHER)
* Similar to facilitated diffusion except this requires ENERGY
* cell to maintain concentration gradients

A

Active Transport

12 Q1 (24 decks)

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