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General Concept and History of AI Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of AI?

A

techniques for modeling human intelligence using computers

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2
Q

What does the field of AI study?

A

cognition, thinking, or learning like humans

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3
Q

What is the main goal of AI?

A

integrate human intelligence activities into computers

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4
Q

What is another goal of AI?

A

applying intelligent principles to computers to apply them to real life

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5
Q

What fields other than computer science can AI be used for?

A

social sciences, film, art, music, agriculture, business, and advertising

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6
Q

True or False: some believe that the era of AI cannot be changed or stopped?

A

true

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7
Q

What kind of tasks do people expect AI to do?

A

those that require hard work

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8
Q

Like humans overcoming the limitations of muscle with the industrial era, what is AI expected to overcome?

A

the limitations of the human brain

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9
Q

What is an example of an AI robot?

A

tomato harvesting robots

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10
Q

When did research for AI begin?

A

the mid 1950s

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11
Q

What tasks/accomplishments was AI originally limited to?

A

games, problem solving, and text recognition

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12
Q

Who developed the world’s first emotional recognition robot and what is its name?

A

Softbank (japan) and ‘her’ name is Pepper

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13
Q

What can Pepper do?

A

communicate with humans and infer emotions from people’s expressions and intonation changes

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14
Q

What is Z-Machine?

A

a 3-robot band that can compose jazz, rock, etc on the fly

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15
Q

True or false: some believe that AI will bring about the greatest revolution in human history?

A

true

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16
Q

What phase of development are autonomous vehicles in?

A

road test phase

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17
Q

In what year was the world’s first electronic computer developed?

A

1946

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18
Q

What was the name of the world’s first electronic computer?

A

ENIAC

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19
Q

In what year was AI first named?

A

1956

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20
Q

Who theoretically founded the digital computer?

A

Alan Turing

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21
Q

Who later designed computer architecture?

A

Von Neumann

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22
Q

What are a computer’s major devices?

A

memory, control, arithmetic, and I/O devices

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23
Q

Which computer devices are likened to the human brain/nervous system?

A

memory, control, arithmetic

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24
Q

Which computer devices are likened to ears and mouth (sense organs)?

A

I/O devices

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25
What is a computer?
a machine that processes memories and performs calculations quickly and accurately
26
What is the name 'computer' derived from?
a device that performs calculations
27
True or false: currently, computers only do what they are told to do?
true
28
What are some advantages of AI?
higher levels of intelligence, replace laborious jobs, convenience, increased efficiency and productivity, quick judgments, avoiding human error, reduce danger to humans by performing dangerous tasks
29
What are some disadvantages of AI?
loss of human jobs, ethical problems, too much reliance on AI can cloud human judgment, excessive monitoring of humans by AI
30
True or false: research of the human brain is not necessary for AI development?
false
31
What is the human brain made up of?
neurons
32
About how many neurons are in the human brain?
14 billion
33
About how much does a human baby's brain weigh?
400g
34
What percentage of an average adult brain's weight does a baby brain make up?
30%
35
True or false: you can grow more neurons in your lifetime?
false, neurons cannot in reproduce or grow after birth
36
After what age do humans start losing tens of thousands of neurons daily?
20
37
What is the goal of neural network AI research?
mimicking the human brain's makeup and function
38
What are some main abilities of intelligence?
learning and logical reasoning, pattern recognition and situation interpretation, analyzing the nature of problems, solving problems
39
What are some abilities of the human brain?
fast and accurate calculations, memory, quick reasoning, spatial perception, shape, object, and text recognition, imagination
40
What are 3 ways that AI cannot mimic human intelligence?
imagination, intuition, understanding
41
AI is a core technology of which industrial revolution?
the 4th industrial revolution
42
When was the prep period of AI?
1943-1956
43
In 1943 what idea did McCulloch et al introduce?
that the human brain is made of binary logical elements like AND, OR, and NOT
44
What did Hebb hypothesize in 1949?
learning effect happens during repeated firing between neurons
45
When did Turing propose machine's could talk to humans and what did that give way to?
1950, the Turing test
46
What years demarcated the Cradle of AI?
1956-1974
47
What event in 1956 kicked off AI research?
Dartmouth's 'Summer Workshop'
48
How many people gathered to define the concept of AI?
10
49
Who suggested calling it AI?
John McCarthy
50
Which neural network theory was developed in 1957 and by who?
Mark I Perceptron by Rosenblatt
51
What was the first AI programming language, who developed it and in what year was it developed?
LISP, McCarthy, 1962
52
What AI product was developed in 1966 and what was it?
ELIZA a chatbot
53
When did Minsky and Papert publish the book 'Perceptrons'?
1969
54
Why did neural network research fall into a slump?
exposure of a critical problems for perceptrons
55
What years were the first winter of AI?
1974-1980
56
Why did AI have the first winter?
many disappointments, unmet expectations
57
When was the AI boom?
1980-1987
58
What characterized the beginning of the AI boom?
revival of neural networks
59
What model replaced the 'single-layer perceptron'?
the 'multi-layer perceptron'
60
What did Rumelhart propose during the AI boom?
the back propagation algorithm
61
What did neural networks contribute to in the AI boom?
image and character recognition through pattern recognition
62
What years characterized the second winter of AI?
1987-1993
63
Why did the second winter of AI happen?
stagnant neural network research due to slow computing speed, loss of funding, loss of research companies
64
When was the stable period of AI?
1993-2011
65
What new concepts were introduced during the stable period of AI?
machine learning such as Bayesian networks
66
In what year did IBM's Deep Blue defeat a chess world champion?
1997
67
What did Prof Hinton propose in 2004?
a learning algorithm based on deep learning
68
Which field is deep learning widely used in?
photo, video, and voice classification
69
What happened in 2011 with IBM's Watson?
it beat human winners in TV quiz show
70
What is the name of the current period of AI?
the renaissance period of AI since 2011
71
When did Google develop a DNN?
2012
72
How many neural networks/computers are currently in use for AI research?
>1 billion/~16,000
73
Which DNN has been successful?
cat image recognition software
74
What is the name of Facebook's facial recognition and when was is released?
DeepFace, 2014
75
What kick-started the AI renaissance?
overcoming disadvantages of existing NN models, powerful/fast GPUs, big data
76
In what year did AlphaGo win the Go match agains Lee SeDol?
2016

Artificial Intelligence Basics (9 decks)

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