General Concepts Flashcards
(19 cards)
Homeostasis
expenditure of energy to reassume the ordered state
Isolation
separating internal cells from extracellular space
communication between cells; can interact when it needs to (ex. taking in oxygen, exchanging proteins, etc)
Open system
lipids and proteins make up majority of them
Biological membranes
76% protein bc lots of transport takes place here (electron transport chain)
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Organelles with double membranes
nucleus and mitochondria
Cellular compartmentation
functional separation within cell
Types of membranes (7)
plasma, nuclear (inner & outer), ER, golgi apparatus, mitochondrial (inner & outer), peroxisomes, lysosomes
Function of membranes
cells have different functions, proteins, and rxn’s so need to be separated
Prokaryotic cell
ribosome, DNA, plasma membrane. NO nucleus; Bacteria
Eukaryotic cell
nucleus, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, ER, vessicles, lysosomes, peroxisomes; Animal and Plants
Function of membranes
Cell nucleus
genetic info, transcription, nuclear receptors
Function of membranes
ER
synthesis of proteins, lipids, calcium store, post-translational modifications
Function of membranes
Golgi apparatus
protein processing, post-translational modifications, polysaccharide synthesis, phosphorylation, packaging of proteins for transport
Function of membranes
Mitochondria
oxidation of carbohydrates and lipids
Function of membranes
Lysosomes
digestion of macromolecules
Function of membranes
Peroxisomes
oxidation of organic molecules, catalase
Energy currency of the cell
ATP- Adenosine triphosphate
NADH and FADH2 are intermediates converted to ATP
Energy sources in living organisms (5)
Glucose, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids, Ketone Bodies, Volatile Fatty Acids;
Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation, Beta-Oxidation
