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BLS > GENERAL CONCEPTS > Flashcards

GENERAL CONCEPTS Flashcards

1
Q

One of the characteristics of high quality CPR is starting compressions within ____ seconds.

A

10

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2
Q

How many cardia arrests are unwitnessed?

A

Half (50%)

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3
Q

What % of adult patients with nontraumatic cardia arrest treated by EMS survive to discharge

A

10%

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4
Q

What age group gets adult CPR

A

adolescents and older

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5
Q

The compression rate in high quality CPR is:

A

100-120 bpm

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6
Q

How deep are compressions in high quality CPR for adults

A

2 inches (a range of 2-2.4 inches if using a CPR quality feedback device.

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7
Q

How deep are compressions in high quality CPR for children

A

2 inches aka 1/3 the depth of the chest

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8
Q

How deep are compressions for infant high quality CPR

A

1 1/2 inches aka 1/3 the depth of the chest

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9
Q

Should you allow for complete chest recoil after each compression in high quality CPR?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Interruptions in high quality CPR should be minimized to:

A

Less than 10 seconds

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11
Q

When can chest compressions cause injury?

A

When the depth too deep (greater than 2.4 in./6 cm)

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12
Q

Are chest compressions often too shallow or too deep?

A

Too shallow

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13
Q

What four things is your response to CPR determined by?

A
  • availability of emergency equipment
  • availability of trained rescuers
  • level of training expertise
  • local protocols
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14
Q

Is early recognition and CPR crucial for survival from cardia arrest?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Does high quality CPR provide improved patient outcomes and save more lives?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What are the two distinct chains of survival in adults?

A

In-hospital Cardiac arrest

Out-of-hospital Cardiac arrest

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17
Q

What typically causes in-hospital CPR?

A

Serious respiratory or circulatory conditions that get worse

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18
Q

How can you predict and prevent in-hospital cardiac arrest?

A

Careful observation (surveillance), prevention, and early treatment of prearrest conditions.

19
Q

What are the three essential things in the treatment of in-hospital cardiac arrest?

A

Immediate activation of of the resuscitation team, early high-quality CPR and rapid defibrillation.

20
Q

What may a patient be evaluated for following a cardiac arrest?

A

Blockage (cath lab),

21
Q

The five links in the chain of survival for an in-patient adults are:

A

1 - Surveillance, prevention, early treatment of pre-arrest conditions;
2 - immediate recognition and activation of emergency response system
3 - Early CPR w/ an emphasis on chest comp.
4 - Rapid defibrillation
5 - Multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care

22
Q

What are most out of hospital arrests caused by?

A

Underlying cardiac conditions

23
Q

In the Chain of Survival, lay rescuers in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are to:

A

Recognize victim’s distress, call for help and start CPR and initiate public access to a defibrillation unit until EMS arrives

24
Q

What 7 resuscitation constraints do both in-hospital and out-of-hospital share in common?

A

Both settings may be affected by factors such as:

  • crowd control
  • family presence
  • space constraints
  • resources
  • training
  • transportation
  • device failures
25
Q

Are the links in the Chain of Survival connected?

A

Yes - each link describes an action during resuscitation that is critical to a successful outcome. If one link is broken, the chance for a good outcome is decreased.

26
Q

Can many arrests be predicted and prevented?

A

Yes - observation, prevention, early treatment

27
Q

What are the symptoms of someone who is in cardiac arrest?

A

unresponsiveness, abnormal breathing or only gasping, no pulse

28
Q

What is ROSC

A

Return Of Spontaneous Circulation

29
Q

What are the links in the chain of survival for out-of-hospital CPR?

A

Immediate recognition and activation of Emergency response system.
Early CPR w/ an Emphasis on Chest Compressions
Rapid Defibrillation with an AED
Effective advanced life support, including rapid stabilization and transport to post-cardiac arrest

30
Q

What are the 4 links the chain of survival for pediatric patients?

A
  • prevention of arrest
  • early high quality CPR
  • Rapid activation of the emergency response system
  • Effective ALS including integrated post-cardiac arrest care
31
Q

What is often the cause of pediatric cardiac arrest?

A

respiratory failure and shock

32
Q

What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?

A

Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart develops an abnormal RHYTHM and can’t pump blood.
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked by a CLOT.

33
Q

How long after cardiac arrest begins does death occur.

A

Because cardiac arrest is a RHYTHM problem, death occurs within minutes if the victim does not receive immediate lifesaving treatment.

34
Q

Does the heart continue to pump blood in a heart attack?

A

Yes, however the longer the person with a heart attack goes without treatment, the greataer the possible damage to the heart muscle.

35
Q

Can the damaged heart muscle resulting from a heart attack cause an abnormal rhythm?

A

Yes

36
Q

How can heart attack symptoms present in women that is different from men?

A

Pain the the jaw, arms, back or neck
Lightheadedness
Nausea/vomiting

37
Q

How long can symptoms of a heart attack last?

A

They can appear immediately and last for weeks

38
Q

What are the typical symptoms of a heart attack?

A

Severe discomfort in the chest or other areas of the upper body,
Shortness of breath,
Cold sweats,
nausea/vomiting

39
Q

Do most heart attacks lead to sudden cardiac arrest?

A

No

40
Q

When cardiac arrest occurs is heart attack a common cause?

A

Yes

41
Q

Is sudden cardiac arrest a leading cause of death?

A

Yes, nearly 360,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur annually in the United States.

42
Q

In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?

A

Homes

43
Q

Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?

A

Respiratory failure and shock

44
Q

What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital survival?

A

Rapid defibrillation

BLS (9 decks)

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