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NCLEX - HURST REVIEW (Neurology) > General Diagnostic Tests > Flashcards

General Diagnostic Tests Flashcards

1
Q

How do CT scans take pictures ?

A

In Slices (layers)

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2
Q

CT scans can be done with or without what ?

A

Dye

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3
Q

What do you want to do Pre-procedure for someone getting a CT scan ?

A

Check for allergies to iodine or shellfish

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4
Q

Do you need a written consent for Dye ?

A

yes

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5
Q

What does a client getting a CT scan need to do during the procedure ?

A

Keep head still & no talking

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6
Q

During a CT scan what will be placed on the head of the client and why ?

A

Velco strap on the forehead

to immobilize and remind the client to keep the head still

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7
Q

Clients receiving a CT scan may become Claustrophobic and therefore what should you make sure to do to keep the client more at ease ?

A

Make sure the client knows they can talk and hear others while in the tube

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8
Q

What do you want to do Post-procedure for a client who just had a CT scan ?

A

Instruct the client about signs of iodine allergy (n/v, sneezing, itching, hives) within the first few hours after a CT scan

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9
Q

What are signs of an Iodine allergy ?

A
  • N/V
  • Sneezing
  • Itching
  • Hives
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10
Q

Which diagnostic test picks up on pathology earlier than a CT scan ?

A

MRI

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11
Q

What are 2 different types of MRI machines ?

A
  • Small MRI tubes

- Open MRI machine

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12
Q

MRI’s use ___________ ?

A

Magnets

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13
Q

Because MRI’s use Magnets, what should be avoided ?

A
  • No jewelry
  • No Credit cards
  • No Pacemakers
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14
Q

What do you want to find out Pre-procedure from someone getting an MRI ?

A
  • Find out if the client has old tattoos B/C they may contain lead
  • Veterans ?
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15
Q

True or False:

Veterans could have shrapnel from IED’s/bombs

A

True

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16
Q

Clients receiving an MRI scan may become Claustrophobic and therefore what should you make sure to do to keep the client more at ease ?

A

Make sure the client knows that they can talk and hear others while they are in the tube

17
Q

During an MRI what must you tell the clients they have to do ?

A

Must lie still

18
Q

What do you want to explain to clients that they might hear, that might help to relieve their anxiety ?

A

A thumping sound

19
Q

With an MRI there is no __________ time, unless they were given a medication to relax ?

A

Recovery

20
Q

What can a client Post MRI procedure resume ?

A

Can resume there normal diet, activity, and medications

21
Q

What does PET scan stand for ?

A

Positron Emission Tomography

22
Q

What is the description of a PET scan ?

A

Nuclear image test to view parts of the brain (or any organ) as it’s working

23
Q

PET scans are useful in diagnosing what ?

A
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Brain tumors
  • CVA (stroke)
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • Aspects associated with mental illness
24
Q

What is required pre-procedure for a PET scan ?

A

Informed consent required

25
Q

What must clients do During a PET scan procedure ?

A

The client must inhale a radioactive gas or be injected with a radioactive substance

26
Q

Post-procedure who can the client not have contact with and why ?

A
  • No contact with infants, children, or pregnant women for 24 hours
  • D/t possible radiation exposure
27
Q

Post-procedure of a PET scan, what do you want to inform clients of that they may experience with the inhalation of radioactive gas ?

A

Tell the client that may have…

  • Dizziness
  • Lightheadedness
  • Headache
28
Q

What is the Description of a Cerebralangiography ?

A

Series of timed x-rays of the cerebral circulation using dye

  • They go through the femoral or brachial artery (like a heart cath!)
29
Q

With a Cerebroangiography, where do they go in through ?

A

The Femoral or Brachial artery (like a heart cath!)

30
Q

With a Cerebralangiography, what things do you want to do pre-procedure ?

A
  • Check for allergies to iodine or shellfish
  • Informed consent required!
  • Monitor BUN/Creatinine
  • Monitor UOP
  • Hold Metformin
  • Baseline neuro assessment
  • Check peripheral pulse for basline
  • Just like a heart cath and insertions site should be prepared
  • Maintain hydration pre & post procedure
    (b/c only way to get rid of iodine based dye = through the kidneys)
31
Q

For a client receiving a Cerebralangiography, what do you want to explain to them that they will experience during the procedure ?

A

Explain that they will experience facial flushing and a metallic taste in their mouth when the dye is injected

32
Q

What things do you want to do post-procedure for a client who just had a Cerebralangiopraphy ?

A
  • Monitor BUN/Creatinine
  • Monitor UOP
  • Maintain hydration
  • Monitor peripheral pulses
  • Bed rest for about 4-6 hours (remember care of the heart cath client)
  • Monitor for complications –> bleeding/hemorrhage
    (The PHP is usually going through the femoral artery)
  • Monitor for complications (continued) –> Embolus to the brain
    –> Monitor for change in LOC, one-sided weakness and paralysis, motor and sensory deficits
33
Q

What does an EEG stand for ?

A

Electroencephalography

34
Q

What is the description of an EEG (Electroencephalography) ?

A

Records electrical brain activity

35
Q

EEG’s are diagnostic for what types of things ?

A
  • Seizure disorders (seizure type)
  • Sleep disorders (narcolepsy)
  • Cerebral infarct
  • Brain tumors
  • Abscesses
  • Evaluate loss of consciousness and dementia
  • Screening for coma
  • An indicator for brain death
36
Q

What things do you want to do pre-procedure for an EEG ?

A
  • Hold sedatives & stimulants (including caffeine)
  • Do not want to increase or decrease electricity in the brain
  • NOT NPO –> do not want blood sugar to drop b/c it could affect brain electricity
37
Q

Why do you NOT want client to be NPO before an EEG ?

A

B/c you do not want the blood sugar to drop because it could affect brain electricity

38
Q

What do you want to do during and EEG procedure ?

A

Baseline EEG with client lying quietly

39
Q

Is there a recovery time after a EEG procedure ?

A

NO!

NCLEX - HURST REVIEW (Neurology) (7 decks)

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