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Health.2 > General drugs to know > Flashcards

General drugs to know Flashcards

1
Q

drug class used to treat viral infective endocarditis and examples?

A

Aminoglycosides antibiotics

  • Gentamicin (IV)
  • Amikacin (IV only)
  • Tobramycin.
  • Streptomycin.
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2
Q

common side effects associated with gentamicin? (an aminoglycoside antibiotic)

A

nephrotoxicity,
neurotoxicity,
ototoxicity

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3
Q

counselling point with gentamicin?

A

Administer injection slowly – instructions to nurses

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4
Q

drugs in class glycopeptide antibiotics?

A

vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin

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5
Q

common side effects associated with Vancomycin? (a glycopeptide antibiotic.)

A

red man syndrome. Redness rash in neck. Face

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6
Q

what to monitor with gentamicin and vancomycin? (in separate drug classes)

A

kidney function

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7
Q

issues associated with treating an infection caused by S. aureus

A

antibiotic resistance

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8
Q

what is the antibiotic Rifampicin used to treat and whats the warning to patients?

A

TB

discolouration!! of body fluids. Sweat, urine (looks like blood but isn’t)

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9
Q

rationale for treating mumps encephalitis with methylprednisolone?

A 
Steroid therapy as an adjunctive therapy
Reduce swelling (oedema) and pressure in skull
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10
Q

8 drug classes that cause hyperkalaemia?

A 
Aldosterone antagonists – spironolactone 
ACEi
ARB
Heparins
Beta blockers
Digoxin
NSAids
Lithium
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11
Q

2 drug classes that cause hypOkalaemia?

A

Loop diuretics – preferred in oedema

Thiazide like diuretics – preferred in HTN

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12
Q

Drugs causing Hyponatremia

A

Loop diuretics – responsible for decreasing a lot of electrolyte levels

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13
Q

Drugs to stop in AKI

DAMN

A

Diuretics
ACEi
Metformin
NSAIDs

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14
Q

Drugs excreted by the kidney should be given with caution in renal failure.

A 
Beta blocker
Diuretics
Lithium
Digoxin
Ranitidine
Antibiotics
- Penicillin’s
- Aminoglycosides – gentamicin (has a NTI, risk of ototoxicity)
- Tetracycline
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15
Q

Drugs that induce diabetes

(5)?

A 
Corticosteroids – can also mask hyperglycaemia
Thiazide diuretics
Beta-blockers
Antipsychotics
Statins
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16
Q

Inhibitors of CYP3A4 – do not give them together will increase serum levels of one of them (5+1)

A 
Clarithromycin / erythromycin
Diltiazem
Itraconazole /ketoconazole
Ritonavir
Verapamil
Grapefruit
17
Q

Inducers of CYP3A4 include (5)

A 
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
St john’s wart
Glucocorticoids
18
Q

Drugs that induce falls (5)

A 
Beta-blockers (bradycardia)
Diabetic medications (hypoglycaemia)
Antihypertensives (hypotension)
Benzodiazepines (sedation)
Antibiotics (intercurrent infection)
19
Q

Drugs causing anaemia

A

aplastic anaemia
- Azathioprine

Haemolytic anaemia

  • Ciprofloxacin – if patient is G6PD deficient, will increase the likelihood
  • Methyldopa
  • Levodopa
20
Q

STOPP > 65

A 
Alpha blockers
Anti-anginal
Anticholinergics
Loperamide
Antipsychotics such as risperidone and lorazepam 
Aspirin
Benzodiazepines
Reduce beta blockers gradually 
Bisphosphonates
BP lowering drugs – in particular ACE
CCB
Carbocisteine if no benefit is shown 
Corticosteroids
Dipyridamole
Diuretics 
Domperiodone
Laxatives
Metformin
NSAIDs
Oestrogen 
Opiods
Pioglitazone
SSRI
Quinine
Statins – especially if showing muscle weakness
Sulfonylurras
Theophylline
TCAs
Vasodilators 
Warfarin
21
Q

STARTT

A

ACEi – if HF following MI
Antidepressants – if symptoms alst more than thre months give an SSRI
Antihypertensives if systolic is over 160
Antipsychotics if patient is schizophrenic, and has a co-morbid mental illness
Aspirin – if had MI
BB – in stable angina
Calcium and Vit D
Laxatives – if taking opioids
PPI – for severe reflux
Statins as long as its not causing muscle weakness

22
Q

3 classes of Drugs that increase the risk of bleeding.

A

Antiplatelets – clopid, ticagrelor
Oral and parenteral anticoags
SSRIs

23
Q

In first semester of pregnancy avoid

A 
Androgens – congenital defects
Cytotoxic drugs
Thalidomide’s
Warfarin
Sodium valproate
Retinoids
Quinone antibiotics
Lithium
24
Q

In second trimester of pregnancy avoid

A 
Aminoglycosides
Benzos
Opiates
Sulphonamides 
NSAIDs
ACEi
Aspirin
Tetracyclines
25
Q

In children avoid

A

Aspirin
Iv chloramphenicol
Corticosteroids
Tetracyclines

26
Q

In breast feeding avoid

A 
Amiodarone
Statins
Lithium
Antithyroid
Radioactive iodine
Sulphonamides
27
Q

Drugs to give in overdoses

A

NALOXONE - if morphine (opioid)
DESFERRIOXAMINE - if iron
VITAMIN K - if warfarin

28
Q

Drugs that decrease folate levels - that may then lead to folate deficiency anaemia:

A 
Trimethoprim 
Anti-epilpetic
Methotrexate 
Valporate
Sulphonamides

NEED TO GIVE FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION

29
Q

Drugs causing hyperhidrosis (3)

A

Insulin
Glipizide
Pioglitazone

30
Q

Drugs with NTI

A 
Aminoglycosides
- Gentamicin
- Neomycin
Ciclosporin
Carbamazepine
Digoxin
Lithium
Phenytoin
Phenobarbital
Rifampicin
Theophylline
Warfarin
31
Q

Drugs causing falls

A 
Beta-blockers (bradycardia)
Diabetic medications (hypoglycaemia)
Antihypertensives (hypotension)
Benzodiazepines (sedation)
Antibiotics (intercurrent infection)
32
Q

3 classes of Drugs causing SJS

A

Anticonvulsants - lamotrigine, carbamazepine
Allopurinol - over 100mg
sulphonamides

33
Q

Drugs with a high anticholinergic burden:
can cause blurred vision, dry eyes, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, decreased sweating, heat intolerance, cognitive impairment, confusion, delirium, dizziness, drowsiness, and increased heart rate
Review if ACBis >3

A 
Drugs with acb OF 3:
Amitriptyline 
Chlorphenamine
Cyclizine
Tolterodine
Paroxetine 
Medium burden 1-2:
Isorbide
Atenolol
Warfarin
Furosemide
Digoxin
Pred
Diazepam
Carbamazepine
Cetirizine
34
Q

what is Lithium carbonate used to treat and how is it given?

A

Mania
Depression
Bipolar prophylaxis

Intra and extracellular changes
selectively interferes with the inositol lipid cycle
Orally
Monitor once a month bc NTI

Health.2 (19 decks)

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