General Facts Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
When did the Tudor Age begin?
A
7 August 1485
2
Q
Who was Henry Tudor intending to overthrow?
A
Richard III
3
Q
What was Henry Tudor’s claim to the throne?
A
Dubious
4
Q
Who was Henry Tudor’s grandfather?
A
Owain ap Meredith ap Tewdwi
5
Q
What significant battle did Owain ap Meredith ap Tewdwi fight in?
A
The Battle of Agincourt
6
Q
What name did the English give to Owain Tudor?
A
Owen Tudor
7
Q
Who was the Queen Mother that Owen Tudor became involved with?
A
Katherine of France
8
Q
What was the outcome of Katherine’s initial plan to rebuff Owen Tudor?
A
She fell in love with him
9
Q
What happened to Owen Tudor after marrying the Queen Mother?
A
He was imprisoned
10
Q
Who was Henry Tudor’s mother?
A
Lady Margaret Beaufort
11
Q
Who challenged Henry VI’s right to the throne?
A
Richard Duke of York
12
Q
What was the civil war between the Yorkists and the Lancastrians called?
A
The Wars of the Roses
13
Q
What emblems did the Yorkists and Lancastrians adopt?
A
- Yorkists: White rose
- Lancastrians: Red rose
14
Q
Who became King after winning the Wars of the Roses?
A
Henry VII
15
Q
What happened to Henry VI during Edward IV’s reign?
A
He was imprisoned and murdered
16
Q
Who was the only surviving Lancastrian with a claim to the throne after the Wars of the Roses?
A
Henry Tudor
17
Q
Where did Henry Tudor become a refugee?
A
Brittany
18
Q
What was the size of Henry Tudor’s army when he landed in England?
A
2,000 men
19
Q
What was Henry Tudor’s initial plan upon landing at Milford Haven?
A
To march towards London
20
Q
What was the name of the battle where Henry Tudor defeated Richard III?
A
The Battle of Bosworth
21
Q
How did Richard III’s army compare in size to Henry Tudor’s army?
A
Richard had 18,000 men against Henry’s 3,000 men
22
Q
What was significant about Lord Stanley’s involvement in the Battle of Bosworth?
A
He decided to join Henry Tudor
23
Q
What happened to Richard III during the battle?
A
He was killed
24
Q
What did Henry Tudor do after his victory at the Battle of Bosworth?
A
Marched to London and summoned Parliament
25
What was the claim to the throne that Henry Tudor made?
He was the rightful King of England
26
Who did Henry Tudor marry to strengthen his claim to the throne?
Elizabeth of York
27
What was the outcome of Perkin Warbeck's claim?
He was captured and executed
28
How long did the Wars of the Roses last?
Forty-two years
29
What was the estimated number of men killed during the Wars of the Roses?
75,000 men
30
What did the Tudor family remind their subjects about the Wars of the Roses?
The horrors and evils of civil war
31
Who warned Henry VIII about the potential for civil war in 1533?
Eustace Chapuys
32
What did Shakespeare depict in his play about the Wars of the Roses?
The horror of family members killing each other
33
What was the psychological effect of the Wars of the Roses on the Tudor Age Englishmen?
Belief that only absolute obedience to royal autocracy could prevent such evils
## Footnote
Execution of a few traitors was seen as a small price to pay to prevent another civil war.
34
Who succeeded in defeating all revolts against him and ruled over an increasingly prosperous England?
Henry VII
35
How did Henry VII treat his enemies?
Remarkably merciful, except for a few whom he regarded as dangerous rivals
36
What was the nature of Henry VII's foreign policy?
Cautious, pacific, and successful
37
How many wars was Henry VII involved in during his reign?
Two
38
What did Henry VII do to secure peace with the Scots?
Made peace and married his daughter Margaret to King James IV of Scotland
39
What was 'Morton's Fork'?
A tax assessment trick by which landowners were assessed based on their expenditure
40
What was the perception of Henry VII's wealth during his reign?
Believed to be immensely rich by contemporaries, but modern historians argue he was one of the poorest kings
41
What did Henry VII spend a great deal of money on?
Building a new chapel in Westminster Abbey and a new palace at Richmond
42
What tragic events affected Henry VII's personal life?
Death of his son Arthur and wife Elizabeth
43
Which of Henry VII's children married King James IV of Scotland?
Margaret
44
Who was the second son of Henry VII that became king?
Henry VIII
45
What was notable about Henry VIII's physical appearance?
He was 6 foot 4 inches tall, broad-shouldered, with very fair skin and red hair
46
What was one of Henry VIII's intellectual pursuits?
Wrote books on theology and was musically talented
47
How did Henry VIII's reign differ from his father's in terms of executions?
Executed more people than his father did in his whole life
48
What significant religious shift did Henry VIII initiate?
Proclaimed himself Supreme Head of the Church of England
49
What was Henry VIII's stance on Lutheran and Protestant sects?
Strongly opposed them until he sought a divorce from Catherine of Aragon
50
What led Henry VIII to marry Anne Boleyn?
Desire for a male heir
51
What was the fate of Anne Boleyn?
Beheaded for not giving Henry a son
52
How did Henry VIII's policies towards Catholics and Protestants change over time?
Simultaneously executed both, intensified persecution of Protestants after Anne Boleyn's execution
53
How did the majority of the population view Henry VIII's actions against the Pope and Protestants?
They approved of a king who imprisoned and executed both elements
54
What was one reason for Henry VIII's popularity with his subjects?
His success in his wars
## Footnote
Henry reasserted the claim to the French throne and won significant battles against France and Scotland.
55
What major event did Henry VIII's campaign in 1513 lead to?
Victory over France and the capture of two towns
## Footnote
His armies also defeated James IV of Scotland at the Battle of Flodden.
56
What was the Field of Cloth-of-Gold?
A meeting place between Henry VIII and Francis I
## Footnote
The meeting in June 1520 was marked by extravagant decorations and aimed at fostering friendship.
57
What was the outcome of Henry VIII's war against France in 1544?
Capture of Boulogne
## Footnote
This war ended with a peace that left Henry in possession of Boulogne.
58
Who succeeded Henry VIII after his death?
Edward VI
## Footnote
Edward was only nine years old at the time of his succession.
59
What significant shift occurred in the Church of England during Edward VI's reign?
Introduction of Protestant doctrines and practices
## Footnote
This included the abolition of the Mass and the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer.
60
What revolt occurred in 1549 during Edward VI's reign?
A serious Catholic revolt in Devon and Cornwall
## Footnote
This was accompanied by an agrarian insurrection in Norfolk.
61
What was Edward VI's decision regarding the succession to the throne?
He bequeathed the crown to Lady Jane Grey
## Footnote
This was to prevent his Catholic sister Mary from succeeding him.
62
Who led the revolt against Jane Grey's proclamation as Queen?
Mary, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
## Footnote
Mary called on the people to support her against Jane Grey.
63
What was Mary I's approach to religious persecution?
Savage persecution of Protestants
## Footnote
Nearly three hundred Protestants were burned during her reign.
64
What was a significant challenge Mary faced during her reign?
Her marriage to Philip of Spain
## Footnote
She married him to secure an alliance, despite her personal aversion to sex.
65
What was the outcome of the war against France during Mary's reign?
Loss of Calais
## Footnote
Calais was captured by the French after being held by the English for over two hundred years.
66
What was Elizabeth I's relationship with Robert Dudley?
She was in love with him but could not marry him
## Footnote
His suspected involvement in his wife's death made marriage politically impossible.
67
What was Elizabeth I's policy towards foreign Protestant rebels?
Support for Protestant causes in Scotland and the Netherlands
## Footnote
This was partly influenced by her ministers and her own foreign policy needs.
68
What was the significance of the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
Established Elizabeth's reputation as a savior of England
## Footnote
The victory was pivotal in the conflict with Spain, though the war continued afterward.
69
What was Elizabeth I known as in history?
The Virgin Queen
## Footnote
Her unmarried status was significant due to the potential succession of Mary Queen of Scots.
70
What characterized Elizabeth I's decision-making style?
Chronic indecision
## Footnote
She frequently changed her mind on important matters, contrasting with her father's decisiveness.
71
How did Elizabeth I's regime compare to those of her predecessors?
More tolerant and mild
## Footnote
Compared to Henry VIII and Mary, her government was less oppressive.
72
What was the fate of Mary Queen of Scots during Elizabeth I's reign?
Executed after being implicated in plots against Elizabeth
## Footnote
This was a significant political decision influenced by fears of Catholic restoration.
73
Who plotted against Elizabeth I to place Mary Queen of Scots on the throne?
Duke of Norfolk
## Footnote
The Duke of Norfolk planned to depose Elizabeth I and support Mary Queen of Scots.
74
What action did Elizabeth I take against her Secretary of State, Sir William Davison?
Imprisoned him in the Tower
## Footnote
Elizabeth I imprisoned Davison for sending the execution warrant for Mary Queen of Scots without her wish.
75
How long did Elizabeth I reign?
Forty-four years
76
When did Elizabeth I die?
24 March 1603
77
What significant historical period ended with the death of Elizabeth I?
The Tudor Age
78
What was the fate of Henry VIII's line after Elizabeth I's death?
Became extinct
79
How many legitimate children did Henry VIII have?
Three
80
Who are the three legitimate children of Henry VIII?
Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth I
81
From whom do the descendants of the Tudors living in 1988 descend?
Mary, Queen of France and Duchess of Suffolk or Margaret, Queen of Scots
82
Who is the present Queen mentioned as a descendant of the Tudors?
Elizabeth II
83
Who was Henry VIII's only known illegitimate child?
Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond
84
At what age did Henry Fitzroy die?
Seventeen
85
Fill in the blank: Elizabeth I was criticized for her _______.
Indecision
86
True or False: None of Henry VIII's legitimate children had any children.
True
87
What year did the Tudor Age begin?
1485
88
What significant battle marked the beginning of the Tudor Age?
Battle of Bosworth
