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Head and Neck > General Head > Flashcards

General Head Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the head?

A

Neurocranium - protects head

Viscerocranium - skeleton of face

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2
Q

Joints in head

A

Sutures - special fibrous joints

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3
Q

Nerves of head

A

Facial nerve
Trigeminal nerve

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4
Q

Function of facial nerve

A

supply most muscles of facial expression

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5
Q

Trigeminal nerve function

A

Sensory innervation to face and scalp
supplies muscles of masticulation

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6
Q

Blood vessels supplying face

A

Facial artery
Facial vein

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7
Q

Muscle groups of face (2)

A

Facial expression - dilators/sphincters

Mastication - eating

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8
Q

Muscles of facial expression key points

A

Attach to bone, skin, fascia of face

Supplied by FACIAL nerve

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9
Q

Muscles of mastication key points

A

Attach bone to bone
Close/open jaw
Act on temporomandibular joint
Supplied by trigeminal nerve (mandibular division)

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10
Q

Which part of trigeminal nerve supplies muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular portion

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11
Q

Bones that are key for facial expression

A

Zygoma/zygomatic arch (cheek bone)

Maxilla (centre)

Mandible (jaw)

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12
Q

Muscles of facial expression

A

Occipitofrontalis
Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator

Zygomaticus major
Risorius

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13
Q

Occipitofrontalis function

A

Raise eyebrows and wrinkle forehead - can test it via this movement

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14
Q

Occipitofrontalis structure

A

Two muscle bellies - frontal and occipital
Connected via aponeurosis
Frontal belly inserts into skin of eyebrow, blends with eye muscles

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15
Q

Orbicularis oculi structure

A

One circling around each eye socket
Flat, constrictor

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16
Q

Two parts of orbicularis oculi

A

Orbital - squeeze eyes closed tight
Palpebral - gently close eyelids eg blinking

17
Q

Critical role of orbicularis oculi

A

Keeps eye moist and protected with tear film

18
Q

Orbicularis oris function

A

Pout/pursing of lips

(from maxilla and mandible to membrane of lips)

19
Q

Buccinator function

A

Stops food collecting in space between teeth and cheek
Keeps cheeks firm against teeth

20
Q

Buccinators are used when…

A

Expelling air against pursed lips - can test it this way

21
Q

Dilators of mouth eg

A

Risorius
Zygomaticus major

(they draw mouth laterally to help SMILE)

22
Q

Platysma structure

A

Superficial muscle in neck
Thin, sheet like
Inserts onto mandible - tenses skin on neck (grimace face)

23
Q

What innervates muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve - cranial nerve VII

24
Q

5 branches of motor facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)

A

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical

(to zanzibar by motor car)

25
Q

How are facial nerves names?

A

In relationship to parotid (salivary) gland - passes through it
Region it supplies

26
Q

Where can facial nerves be damaged?

A

When passing through parotid gland - can get malignancy or surgery on gland can damage

27
Q

Route of facial nerve

A

Intracranial –> extracranial

Brainstem
Canal within base of skull
Exits skull
Through parotid gland
Branches to facial expression muscles

28
Q

Most common cause of facial nerve lesions

A

Bell’s Palsy
(once everything else is ruled out, usually caused by viral infection)

29
Q

Signs of facial nerve lesions

A

Ipsilateral facial muscle weakness
Inability to close eye - red/dry
Loss of furrowing forehead
Loss of nasolabial fold

30
Q

Scale used to assess facial nerve lesions

A

House-Brackmann Scale

31
Q

Trigeminal nerve branches

A

Va - Ophthalmic
Vb - Maxillary
Vc - Mandibular

32
Q

Which trigeminal nerve also has motor function?

A

Vc - Mandibular

33
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Pterygoids

34
Q

Temporalis function

A

Elevates and retracts mandible (bite down/close mouth and pull back)

35
Q

Masseter function

A

Elevates and protracts mandible

36
Q

Only mastication muscle that depresses mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid

37
Q

2 pterygoids, and what do they do

A

Lateral - depresses mandible
Medial - elevates mandible

Act together to move jaw side to side

38
Q

Hi, if you can please could you fill out this feedback form so I can improve this deck and know how helpful the cards are. Thanks, Ella :)

A
39
Q
A

Head and Neck (26 decks)

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