General Info/Terms

Question 1

Left shift

Answer 1

Increase in the number of immature red or white blood cells in a sample.

Good predictor of bacterial infection if combined with an elevated WBC count.

Question 2

Sensitivity

Answer 2

Ability of a test to detect a person who has the disease

Question 3

Specificity

Answer 3

Ability of a test to detect a healthy person

Question 4

First and second line treatment for AOM

Answer 4

Amoxicillin and augmentin

Question 4

Kiesselbachs plexus trauma

Answer 4

The Kiesselbach plexus is located in the nasal cavity, specifically in the anterior inferior quadrant of the nasal septum where several arteries anastomose to form the plexus, or vascular network. Its main function is to adjust the temperature of the air inhaled through the nose, via heat exchange between the air and the arteries. Because of its large supply of blood, the Kiesselbach plexus is the most common site of nose bleeds.

Question 5

Medication classes that can be used for patients with a penicillin allergy

Answer 5

Macrolides, clindamycin, quinolones (levofloxaxin, moxifloxacin)

Question 6

What ethnic group is prone to Alpha thalassemia?

Answer 6

Southeast asians

Question 7

What ethnic group is prone to Beta thalassemia?

Answer 7

Those of mediterranean descent

Question 8

Common symptoms of SLE?

Answer 8

Butterfly rash and photosensitivity

Question 9

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 9

inflammatory disorder that causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips. Signs and symptoms usually begin quickly and are worse in the morning.

Question 10

Treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 10

Long term low dose steriods

Question 11

Finklestein’s test

Answer 11

Test for diagnosis of De Quervain disease. Wrist placed on edge of table with hand hanging down and ulna on the table. If pain then positive. If no pain apply downward pressure to hand. IF pain then positive.

Question 12

De Quervain’s disease

Answer 12

commonly associated with the repetitive motions that place stress on the wrist; it is ommonly associated with professions such as restaurant servers. Moreover, De Quervain’s disease is significantly more likely to occur in females.

Question 13

Grading for deep tendon reflexes

Answer 13

0 - absent
1 - hypoactive
2 - normal
3 - hyperactive
4 - clonus

Question 14

Examples of penicillins

Answer 14

Amoxicillin
Penicillin VK

Question 15

Examples of cephalosporins

Answer 15

• keflex (1st gen)
• ceftin (2nd gen)
• cefaklor
• cefzil
• rocepin (third gen)

Question 15

Examples of macrolides

Answer 15

• erythromycin
• azithromycin
• clarithromycin

Question 16

People with a penicillin allergy may also be allergic to ….

Answer 16

cephalosporins

Question 17

Examples of quinolones

Answer 17

• ciprofloxacin
• oxofloxacin

Question 18

Quinolones for gram positive bacteria

Answer 18

• levofloxacin
• moxifloxacin
• Gatifloxacin

Question 19

Examples of sulfa antibiotics

Answer 19

bactrim

Question 20

Examples of tetracyclines

Answer 20

• tetracycline
• doxycycline

Question 21

Levels of evidence for research studies

Answer 21

1. Meta analysis/Systemic review
2. RCT
3. Experimental studies (control/intervention, group randomization).
4. cohort/case control
5. retrospective chart review
6. expert opinion

Question 22

Case control study

Answer 22

Compare groups of people with and without a condition of interest in real time.

Used to identify risk factors for a disease by looking backward in time to identify exposures that may have led to the condition.

Useful for studying rare diseases or outcomes, and can be relatively quick and inexpensive.

Can’t determine causality, and there’s a chance of recall bias affecting the results.

Question 23

Cohort study

Answer 23

Follow a group of people over time to observe outcomes, such as the development of a disease or other outcome. Generally prospective in design, starting from the exposure status, and can determine causal associations between risk factors and disease. Cohort studies can provide the strongest scientific evidence, but they're more expensive and time-consuming than case-control studies, and they require a larger sample size. Biases such as loss to follow-up and misclassification can also affect the results

Question 24

Deprescribing

Answer 24

Adjusting dose to minimum needed or discontinuing medication

Question 25

Pharmacogenetics/ pharmacogenomics

Answer 25

How genes affect drug metabolism

Question 26

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 26

Process by which medication is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated by the body.

Question 27

Disease which causes the most deaths overall...

Answer 27

Heart disease

Question 28

Cancer with the highest mortality

Answer 28

Lung cancer

Question 29

Most common cause of death in adolescents

Answer 29

MVA

Question 30

Most common cancer in females

Answer 30

breast cancer

Question 31

Most common cancer in males

Answer 31

prostate cancer

Question 32

Most common type of cancer overall

Answer 32

skin cancer

Question 33

Most common skin cancer

Answer 33

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 34

Skin cancer with the highest mortality

Answer 34

melanoma

Question 35

Most common gynecological cancer

Answer 35

uterine cancer

Question 36

Second most common gynecological cancer

Answer 36

ovarian

Question 37

Tanner stages - girls

Answer 37

2. Breast bud and aerola develop 3. no separation of breast and nipple mound (one mound) 4. Nipple and areola become elevated from breast (separate mound)

Question 38

Tanner stages - boys

Answer 38

2. Testes and scrotum enlarge, scrotal skin darkens with more ruggae 3. Penis and testes/scrotum become longer 4. Penis becomes wider and grows in length. Testes become longer with darkened scrotal skin.

Question 39

Gluten containing grains...

Answer 39

Wheat, barley, rye

Question 39

Monosaturated fats & foods that contain it

Answer 39

Good for the heart. Include olive oil, canola oil, nuts (almonds, walnuts), sunflower oil, mediterranean diet

Question 40

Saturated/trans fats & foods that contain it

Answer 40

Cause heart disease. Lard, beef fat, fried foods

Question 41

Omega 3 & foods that contain it

Answer 41

Decreases risk of heart disease. Salmon, fish oil, flaxseed oil.

Question 42

Magnesium & foods that contain it

Answer 42

Decreases blood pressure. Almonds, peanuts, cashews, whole wheat

Question 43

Potassium & foods that contain it

Answer 43

Decreases blood pressure. Apricots, bananas, oranges, prune juice, some veg

Question 44

Iron & foods that contain it

Answer 44

Beef, liver, black beans, black eye peas

Question 45

Vitamin K

Answer 45

If patient has clotting disorder intake should be limited. Kale, collard greens, spinach, broccoli, cabbage

Question 46

Biphasic anaphylaxis

Answer 46

Occurs in 23% of cases, recurrence of symptoms within 8-10 hours. Give medrol dose pack and long acting antihistamine when discharging from ED.

Question 47

Choosing the "best initial intervention"

Answer 47

Use SOAPE: S - subjective O - objective A - asses/diagnosis P - Plan (treatment) E - evaluate response to treatment