general lower limb Flashcards
describe how the lower limb is divided into regions, the boundaries between the regions *
the gluteal region, thigh, leg and foot
gluteal region is posterolateral and between iliac crest and gluteal fold
the thigh is between inguinal lig and knee - hip jount is just inferior to middle 1/3 of inguinal lig
leg is between knee and ankle joint
foot is distal to the ankle joint
how is it separated from the pelvis and perineum
the inguinal ligament, iliac crest, PSIS, line from PSIS over dorsolateral surface of sacrum to coccyx that joins sacrotuberous ligament, ischiopubic ramus, and pubic symphisis
describe pelvic fractures *
have to suspect soft tissue and organ damage as well
can be associated with blood loss - this blood can form a pelvic haematoma which can compress nerves, press on organs, and inhibit pelvic visceral function
can either be a break which doesnt disrupt the bony ring
or can disrupt the bony ring
can be double breaks
can occur around acetabulum
describe intertrochanteric fractures *
teh break runs from greater to lesser trochanteur of the femer
doesnt involve the femoral neck
therefore preserves fem neck blood supply and doesnt lead to ischemia
describe femoral shaft fractures *
need a lot of energy to break the femoral shaft
therefore there is damage to surrounding tissue ie muscle compartments and structures they contain
describe ankle fractures *
view the ankle joint as a fibroosseous ring in the coronal plane
depending on what type of injury determines what is affected
if there is a fracture it is likely that a ligament has been affected too
what separates the compartments of the thigh*
the intermuscular septae
what separates the compartments in the leg *
the interosseous membrane
2 intermuscular septae that pass between the fibula and deep fascia surrounding the limb
direct attachment of the deep fascia to the periosteum of anterior and medial borders of the tibia
