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CEN2 > GENERAL MEDICAL > Flashcards

GENERAL MEDICAL Flashcards

1
Q

What is deficient in ITP? What is first line treatment? What other treatments might be used if autoimmune?

A

-Low platelets

-Platelets first line tx

-May tx with steroids/IG

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2
Q

Treatment for DIC?

A

-PRBCs
-Platelets
-FFP
-Heparin

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3
Q

What hemophilia factor may have prescription for home use to terminate early bleeding episode?

A

Facotr VIII

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4
Q

2 major complications of sickle cell?

A

Acute chest and acute abdomen

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5
Q

What is Hydroxyurea used for?

A

Impede sickling and to stimulate fetal hemoglobin F production in sickle cell patients

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6
Q

Characteristics of rash associated with measles/rubeola

A

-Rash to face first, then spreads to truck and extremities
-Rash looks all the same
- Overlaps

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7
Q

Characteristics of rash associated with chicken pox/varicella

A

-Rash starts on truck/chest/torso
-No sores overlap
-Sores in various stages

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8
Q

Patches inside cheek unique for measles only

A

Koplik’s Spots

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9
Q

What kind of transmission is measles/rubeola?
What kind of transmission is chicken pox/varicella?

A

-Measles = droplet

-Chicken Pox = contact + airborne

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10
Q

Swelling and tenderness of the salivary/parotid glands, usually unilateral, may lead to orchitis, will not cause airway problem

A

Mumps

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11
Q

When do we hear the whooping cough associated with pertussis?

A

Day 4-7

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12
Q

When are chicken pox/varicella no longer contagious?

A

When all lesions are crusted over

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13
Q

Fluid replacement for adults? Peds?

A

Adults = 1-2 L of NS
Peds = 20ml/kg

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14
Q

What do we initially treat both hypo and hypernatremia with?

A

NS

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15
Q

How do we treat hyponatremia?

Hypernatremia?

A

Hypo = hypertonic solution (initially NS)

Hyper = hypotonic solution (initially NS)

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16
Q

Why does hypernatremia have a high mortality?

A

Because brain cells shrink leading to ICH

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17
Q

What are the 2 mandatory treatments for hyperK?

A

insulin and D50

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18
Q

What EKG findings are seen with hyperkalemia?

Hypokalemia?

A

Hyper = tall, peaked T-waves

Hypo = sagging ST

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19
Q

What is the max IV potassium/hr?

A

40 mEq/hr

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20
Q

This leads to fluid retention and causes dilutional hyponatremia; first line treatment sodium then lasix. Usually idiopathic, may be pituitary problem

A

SIADH

21
Q

Cortisol insufficiency, crisis may be fatal, leads to hypotension, hypoglycemia, dehydration; treat daily with steroids and crisis with hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)

A

Addison’s Disease

22
Q

What is the pH in HHNK? Ketones?

What is the pH in DKA? Ketones?

A

HHNK pH = normal, ketones = usually negative, may be trace positive

DKA pH = low pH, acetone high

23
Q

Why is the potassium high in DKA? How do we treat this?

A

High in DKA because no insulin to keep the potassium in the cell. Start potassium replacement when level is ~5.5.

24
Q

How do we treat DKA? When do we treat until?

A

Treat with IVF and insulin until ketosis resolves

25
Q

TSH low, T3/T4 high; s&s: nervous, sweating, heat intolerance, palpitations, dyspnea, fatigue, weight loss, EXOPTHALMOUS, possible goiter

A

Graves Disease

26
Q

How do we treat a high HR associated with thyroid crisis?

A

Beta Blockers

27
Q

This causes confusion, swelling in the brain, and liver damage; usually occurs in child with recent viral illness who was given aspirin

A

Reye’s Syndrome

28
Q

Hepatitis: fecal-oral, travelers/immigrants, IG if given within 2 weeks of exposure, can get 2 doses pre-vaccination

A

A

29
Q

How do we test for/treat hepatitis B after exposure?

A

-after exposure, draw HBsAG. If you are negative the surface antigen will be negative and you can stop here.
-If HBsAG positive, check Hep B antibodies. If positive, stop here because you are protected - this is likely from a prior vaccine.
-If Hep B antibody negative, give Hep B IG + vaccine.

30
Q

If we see what on an otherwise healthy person should we r/o HIV?

A

Thrush

31
Q

What are 3 opportunistic infections seen in HIV –> AIDS

A

-Pneumocystitis (PCP) pneumonia
-CMV
-Kaposi’s Sarcoma

32
Q

Meningitis sign: Kernig’s sign

A

Bend/extend (K)NEE, pt brings head forward

33
Q

Meningitis sign: Brudzinski’s sign

A

Hand on head/ (B)RAIN, bend neck - knees will flex

34
Q

Glucose on CSF for bacterial meningitis? Viral?

A

Bacterial = low glucose

Viral = normal glucose

35
Q

How do we treat bacterial meningitis?

A

Rocephin

36
Q

How do we treat tinea/ringworm?

A

Treat with topical antifungal for a minimum of 2 weeks or if rash lasts longer than 2 weeks treat until rash gone + 1 week

37
Q

Transmitted by personal skin-to-skin contact, itching worse at night, common on flexor surfaces and between fingers

A

Scabies

38
Q

How do we treat scabies?

A

Treat all household family members on same day and re-treat 1 week later, wash all clothing/linens/etc in normal wash cycle

39
Q

What are symptoms of syphilis?

Herpes?

A

Syphilis = painless, 1 chancre/ulcer, no discharge

Herpes = painful, multiple sores, raised/pustules

40
Q

When is TB contagious? When do we isloate?

A

Contagious when symptomatic; must be isolated for 2 weeks.

41
Q

What 2 meds treat TB? What is a side effect?

A

Meds = INH and Rifampin

Rifampin discolors body fluids and stains contacts

42
Q

What is the most common type of chronic anemia? Most common acutely seen in the ER?

A

Chronic = iron deficiency
Acute = blood loss

43
Q

Mainstays of treatment for sickle cell (3)

A

-Fluids
-Pain meds
-Oxygen (only helpful early)

44
Q

What is a risk factor for febrile seizures?

A

Sibling had febrile seizure

45
Q

What are 3 types of dehydration?

A

-isotonic
-Hypertonic
-Hypotonic

46
Q

Pruritic rash with red, scaly borders expanding and centrally clearing

A

Tinea

47
Q

Classic finding associated with SIADH?

A

Dilutional hyponatremia

48
Q

Hemophilia A Factor?

B?

C?

A

A = VIII

B = IX

C = XI

CEN2 (12 decks)

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