General Nutrition

Question 1

the science of how the body uses nutrients in feeds to sustain life and for productive purposes

Answer 1

nutrition

Question 2

proper nutrition is essential for proper what?

Answer 2

function

Question 3

what is not a nutrient but is produced by them?

Answer 3

energy

Question 4

any chemical substance in the diet that supports or maintains life processes

Answer 4

nutrient

Question 5

a nutrient that is required in the diet

Answer 5

essential nutrient

Question 6

what is the most abundant and cheapest nutrient?

Answer 6

water

Question 7

how much water can horses drink daily?

Answer 7

10-12 gallons

Question 8

what are the three sources that horses get water from?

Answer 8

drinking, feedstuffs, metabolic H2O

Question 9

what are the five functions of water?

Answer 9

transports nutrients
biochemical reactions in the cell
regulation of body temperature
solvent for solid components
lubricates and cushions joints

Question 10

what does CHO stand for?

Answer 10

Carbohydrates (grains)

Question 11

what does NSC stand for?

Answer 11

non-structural

Question 12

how is NSC digested?

Answer 12

enzymes

Question 13

NSC is what?

Answer 13

easily digestible

Question 14

what does NSC give you lots of when it digested?

Answer 14

energy

Question 15

what does SC stand for?

Answer 15

structural

Question 16

what does SC require for digestion?

Answer 16

microorganisms

Question 17

SC is what?

Answer 17

less digestible

Question 18

lignins are what?

Answer 18

insoluble

Question 19

what is SC stored as in animals?

Answer 19

glycogen

Question 20

what is the primary use of glycogen?

Answer 20

direct energy

Question 21

energy needs what?

Answer 21

vary

Question 22

what is readily utilized and provides much of the horse’s dietary energy?

Answer 22

non-structural

Question 23

what is mainly digested and absorbed in the small intestine?

Answer 23

non-structural

Question 24

what breaks down fiber into usable organic acids (VFA’s)

Answer 24

microorganism

Question 25

horses are what?

Answer 25

continuous grazers

Question 26

what is a long chain of amino acids, made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulphur?

Answer 26

protein

Question 27

what is a basic structural unit and components of lean tissue?

Answer 27

protein

Question 28

contains enzymes, protein hormones and immune system

Answer 28

metabolism

Question 29

horses must have a good, complete source of what in their diet?

Answer 29

protein

Question 30

what determines the horse's requirements for protein?

Answer 30

age and activity

Question 31

what are lipids/fats made up of?

Answer 31

esters of fatty acids and glycerol

Question 32

how much more energy does lipids provide than carbohydrates or proteins on an equal weight basis?

Answer 32

2.25x more energy

Question 33

lipids supply essential fatty acids needed for what?

Answer 33

reproduction

Question 34

energy supply, heat, insulation, protection of internal organs, necessary for the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)

Answer 34

lipids

Question 35

what is digested more slowly than CHO or protein?

Answer 35

fat

Question 36

what does fat add to a coat?

Answer 36

shine

Question 37

organic compounds, needed in small amount for growth and maintenance of animals, necessary for metabolic reactions in cell (coenzymes or prosthetic groups)

Answer 37

vitamins

Question 38

regulation of body functions: vision, blood clotting, etc. | growth: bone development

Answer 38

fat-soluble vitamins

Question 39

used for body metabolic regulation

Answer 39

water soluble vitamins

Question 40

vitamins cannot be what within the body in sufficient amounts

Answer 40

synthesized

Question 41

high quality, leafy, green forages plus plenty of sunshine usually gives horses most of what?

Answer 41

vitamins needed

Question 42

inorganic components (bone, teeth), very important part of body's enzyme systems, serve in mineral/vitamin inter-relationships, maintain acid-base balance

Answer 42

minerals

Question 43

what two minerals have a kind of "balancing act"?

Answer 43

calcium and phosphorus

Question 44

what are the three things needed for horses in using minerals?

Answer 44

adequate supply of Ca and P; suitable ratio; enough Vitamin D for assimilation and utilization of both

Question 45

horses digestive system is what?

Answer 45

non-ruminant herbivore, hindgut fermenter, monogastric

Question 46

digestive system in order

Answer 46

mouth/esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine containing the cecum, great colon, and small colon, then the rectum

Question 47

mouth/esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine containing the cecum, great colon, and small colon, then the rectum digestive system in order prehension process by which the animal brings food into its mouth by biting and grasping

Answer 47

prehension

Question 48

process of chewing food to mechanically reduce size of food particles

Answer 48

mastication

Question 49

the mixing of saliva with food during mastication

Answer 49

salivation

Question 50

the passing of food to the stomach by peristaltic waves of muscle contraction

Answer 50

deglutition

Question 51

small, feed small meals frequently

Answer 51

stomach

Question 52

never feed more than what in BW of concentrate at one time?

Answer 52

0.75%

Question 53

horse can eat how much total dry matter per day?

Answer 53

2.5-3.0% BW/D

Question 54

how much feed should a horse get in good quality roughage?

Answer 54

1.0%-1.5% BW/D

Question 55

what are the three components of the small intestine?

Answer 55

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 56

bile and pancreatic enzymes are secreted and is a major site of chemical breakdown of food

Answer 56

duodenum (digestion)

Question 57

longest part of the small intestine, main function is absorption of nutrients into the blood stream

Answer 57

jejunum (absorption)

Question 58

link to large intestine, some absorption occurs, but primarily it serves as the connection to the large intestine

Answer 58

ileum

Question 59

what are the three parts of the large intestine?

Answer 59

colon, caecum, rectum

Question 60

what is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 60

scavenge water, electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, and VFA's (organic acids)