General & Nutrition Flashcards
(58 cards)
Corrected age
is used to adjust for prematurity. Calculate the age from when the infant should have been
born if at term
o Correct for wt: until at least 1yo
o Correct for development: until 2yo
What to measure? Anthropometry
- Weight
- Height/length
- Head circumference
- MUAC
- Calculate BMI (more useful in the older child)
What does each anthropometry chart tell us
o Weight for age (Malnutrition/underweight)
o Height for age (? Stunted)
o Weight for height (? Wasted)
o Head circumference for age (serial measurements usually until 3yo)
Acute Malnutrition
- Caused by decrease in food consumption or illness
- Resulting in a bilateral pitting oedema and/or sudden weight loss (usually in 3mo)
- Associated by anorexia, poor appetite and other medical complications.
- Result of muscle wasting
- Leads to anthropometric failure
o Weight loss (WAZ declining over short period of time)
o Wasting (WHZ low or very low) - Associated with metabolic decompensation = infection, oedema, skin changes
SAM
SAM
* Presence of bilateral pitting oedema
* And/or severe wasting (weight for height <-3 Z
score)
* MUAC <11.5 (age 6mo-5y)
* Associated with clinical symptoms like poor appetite
MAM
- Moderate wasting (low weight for height/length
between -2 and -3 Z score) - MUAC between 11.5 and 12.4cm
Stunting
reflects chronic malnutrition
inadequate length or height for age
Wasting
reflects acute malnutrition
inadequate weight for length/height
Underweight
reflects both acute and chronic malnutrition
Inadequate weight for age
Consequences of undernutrition
- lowered risk of infection
- increased mortality
- learning difficulties
- reduced physical activity
*DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
VACCINE
A special preparation of antigenic material that van be used to stimulate the development of
antibodies and thus confer active immunity against a specific disease or number of diseases.
VACCINATION:
Means of producing immunity to a disease by using a special preparation of antigenic
material to stimulate the formation of appropriate antibodies>
INOCULATION:
The introduction of a small quantity of material, such as a vaccine, in the process of
immunization.
IMMUNIZATION
A more general name for vaccination, the production of immunity by artificial means.
IMMUNITY
The body’s ability to resist infection afforded by the presence of circulating antibodies and white
blood cells.
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Arises when the body’s own cells produce and remain able to produce appropriate
antibodies following an attack of a disease or deliberate stimulation.
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
Which is only short-lived is provided by injecting readymade antibodies in antiserum
taken from another person or an animal already immune. E.g Babies, conferred by antibodies from the
maternal blood and colostrums to common diseases for several weeks after birth.
IMMUNE RESPONSE:
The response of the immune system to antigens.
HERD IMMUNITY
The immunity of a group, or population to an infectious disease as a result of mass
vaccination. The higher the percentage of the population vaccinated, the greater the resistance to the spread
of infection within the population.
TAP Vaccine
- 3 vaccines in 1: Diphteria, Tetanus and
Pertussis - Given as a series of 3 shots
- Infant can have mild fever, cold systems and
restlessness up to 12 hours after vaccination - Redness and swelling of the injected area can
also occur
HIB Vaccine
- Against Hamophilus Influenza Type B
- Series of 4 shots
- In combination with DTaP
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
- Against Streptococcus Pneumonia
- Series of 3 doses (gov) or 4 (private)
Rotavirus
- Cannot be given after 8 months
- Series of 3 doses (Rotateq) or 2 (Rotarix)
