General Organisation of the Head and Neck

Question 1

how many layers of fascia are there in the neck

Answer 1

1 superficial cervical fascia and 3 deep

Question 2

what are the 3 deep fascia in the neck

Answer 2

investing layer, pre-tracheal layer and the pre-vertebral layer

Question 3

what is contained in the superficial cervical fascia

Answer 3

lymph nodes, fat, nerves, blood vessels and platysma

Question 4

where is the retropharyngeal space found

Answer 4

behind the buccopharyngeal membrane and the pre-vertebral membrane

Question 5

what are the symptoms of a retropharyngeal abscess

Answer 5

difficultly swallowing, painful movement of the neck

Question 6

what is enclosed in the carotid sheath

Answer 6

carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve and phrenic nerve

Question 7

what forms the anterior triangle in the neck

Answer 7

anterior border of SCM, midline of the neck and lower margin of the mandible

Question 8

what forms the posterior triangle in the neck

Answer 8

posterior border of SCM, anterior border of trapezius and the clavicle

Question 9

what forms the carotid triangle

Answer 9

anterior border of SCM, posterior border of omohyoid and inferior border of digastric

Question 10

which cranial nerve root is the trigeminal nerve

Answer 10

5

Question 11

which cranial nerve root is the facial nerve

Answer 11

7

Question 12

which cranial nerve root is the accessory nerve from

Answer 12

11

Question 13

what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 13

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

Question 14

what are the 5 roots of the facial nerve

Answer 14

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

Question 15

what does the trigeminal nerve supply

Answer 15

sensory innervation to the face and motor innervation of the muscles of mastication

Question 16

what does the facial nerve supply

Answer 16

motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression

Question 17

which muscles are supplied by the accessory nerve

Answer 17

trapezius and SCM

Question 18

how do you test the function of the accessory nerve

Answer 18

shrugging shoulders and rotating head against pressure

Question 19

what do muscles of mastication do

Answer 19

atto open or close the mouth

Question 20

what are the 4 muscles of mastication

Answer 20

lateral and medial pterygoids, masseter and temporalis

Question 21

what do the pterygoids do?

Answer 21

cause jaw depression, opening the jaw

Question 22

what branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies the masticators

Answer 22

the mandibular

Question 23

what does the masseter do?

Answer 23

elevates the jaw to close it

Question 24

what does the temporalis do?

Answer 24

elevates the jaw to close it

Question 25

how do you test the temporalis

Answer 25

palpate a clenched jaw

Question 26

how do you test the masseter

Answer 26

ask to clench teeth

Question 27

how do you test the pterygoids

Answer 27

get the patient to open their mouth against resistance

Question 28

where is the platysma found

Answer 28

embedded in the superficial cervical fascia

Question 29

what does the platysma do

Answer 29

tenses neck, assits in jaw depression, mouth depression

Question 30

how do you test for platysma

Answer 30

ask patient to tense their neck

Question 31

what does the oribcularis oculi do

Answer 31

close the eye

Question 32

which branches innervate the orbicularis oculi

Answer 32

temporal and zygomatic branches

Question 33

how do you test the orbacularis oculi

Answer 33

ask the patient to close eyes tight against resistance

Question 34

what does the buccinator do

Answer 34

flattens the cheek to help chewing

Question 35

what branch supplies the buccinator

Answer 35

buccal branch

Question 36

how do you test the action of buccinator

Answer 36

blowing out cheeks and resisting expulsion of air

Question 37

what does orbicularis oris do

Answer 37

closes the mouth

Question 38

which branch supplies orbicularis oris

Answer 38

buccal branch

Question 39

howdy you test the action of orbicularis oris

Answer 39

look for the mouth drooping

Question 40

what does occipitofrontalis do

Answer 40

raises the eyebrows

Question 41

where does the sternocleidomastoid originate and attach

Answer 41

originates from the sternum and clavicle and attaches to the mastoid process

Question 42

what does the sternocleidomastoid do

Answer 42

lateral flexion giving contralateral neck tilting