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General Peds Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

What does pediatrics focus on?

A

primary prevention

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2
Q

What does adult med focus on?

A

secondary and tertiary prevention

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3
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

vaccine

prevents things from occuring

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4
Q

What are pediatric normal values?

A

based on bell curve

normal: 5th-95th%
low: 95%

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5
Q

What is a fever?

A

100.4F

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6
Q

What is tachycardia in babies?

A

> 200

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7
Q

What is RR overtime?

A

30-60 –> 20-40 –> 10-20

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8
Q

What is newborn?

A

1-2 mo

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9
Q

Infant?

A

2-24 mo (2yrs)

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10
Q

Child?

A

24-48mo (toddler)

5-11yo (school)

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11
Q

Adolescent?

A

12-18yo (teens)

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12
Q

What is important during peds exam?

A

DEVELOPMENTAL (social, language, intellectual/cognitive/motor)

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13
Q

What is developmental delay?

A

not reaching milestones

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14
Q

When to do head circumference chart?

A

0-36mo

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15
Q

Exam -2mo?

A 
primitive reflexes intact
look at familiar/parents
coos
turn head toward sound
hold head
smooth movements of arms and legs
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16
Q

Exam -2 mo red flags?

A 
no watching
no smile
no hand to mouth 
no response to sound
no holding head
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17
Q

Exam - 4mo?

A 
no more primitive reflex
play w/ people 
copies movement and sounds
babbles
smiles, laughs, and cries in diff ways
responds to affection
reaches toy w/one hand
holds unsupported head 
roll over
pushes up to elbows
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18
Q

Exam -4mo red flags?

A

trouble moving one or both eyes
no smile (2mo)
no steady head (2mo)
no coo (2mo)

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19
Q

Exam - 6mo?

A 
increased tone/strength 
equilibrium
able to tell strangers
play w/ others
looks happy
look at mirror
vowels and consonants
responds to name 
look around
transfer objects hand to hand
rolls over in both direction
sit without support
rocks back and forth
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20
Q

Exam -6mo red flags?

A 
no affection
no vowel
no roll over
no laugh
tight muscles or rag doll
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21
Q

Exam - 9mo?

A 
parachute reflex
afraid of strangers
favorite toys
understands NO
mamama and bababa and dadada
fingers to point
looks for things you hide
peek-a-boo
picks up cereal (thumb and index)
sitting position
stand
crawls
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22
Q

Exam - 9mo red flags?

A 
no sitting
no babbling
no games 
no response to name
no looking where you point
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23
Q

Exam - 12mo?

A 
CBC & LEAD TESTING
*1st words
*1st steps
*ONE word
*ONE step commands
cries w/no mom or dad
fear
responds to simple request
simple gestures (no , bye bye)
start to understand words
shaking, banging, throwing things
finds hidden things easily
drinks from cup
pokes w/ index finger
cruising (walks holding on furniture)
first steps
stand alone
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24
Q

Exam - 12mo red flag?

A 
loses skills 
no point
no crawl
no stand
no words
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25
Exam -18 mo ?
``` tantrums (frustration of no vocab dictionary) pretend play alone explore w/ parents nearby says words (10-12) point what he wants scribbles follow 1 step verbal commands climb stairs pulls toys while walking eat w/ spoon ```
26
Exam-18mo red flags?
no care if caregiver leaves | loses skills
27
Exam - 24 mo?
*sentences 2-3 words *2 step instruction *2 for points --> copies lines *2 for towers --> stack blocks *strangers understand 2/4 independent defiant behavior know body parts follow simple instruction repeats words completes sentences names items stands on tiptoe kicks ball run climb down furniture
28
Exam -24mo red flags?
no 2 words no follow direction no walk steadily loses skills
29
Exam - 36mo?
``` SPATIAL *3 words sentences *strangers understand 3/4 *rides TRIcycle *puzzles 3-4 pieces affection for friends emotions separates from mom and dad dresses and undresses says first name, age, sex names friends ```
30
Exam -36mo red flags?
no pretend play no play with other children no eye contact
31
Exam -4 yo?
``` COMPLEX *40lbs *40in *draw 4 sided figures *stranger understand 4/4 100% *draws person w/ 2-4 body parts doing new things pretends mom and dad sings song tells stories says first and last name use scissors plays board/card games hops and stand on one foot catch bounced ball ```
32
Exam - 4yo red flag?
no follow 3 part commands no understand 'same' and 'different' no use 'me' and 'you' speaks unclearly
33
1yo?
NO bottle and binkie whole milk dentist appt
34
3yo?
vision screen | dangers of curiosity! (matches, knives)
35
4yo?
hearing screen
36
School age?
``` 5-10yr same sex friendship --> transient somatic complaints emotions math and language desire to be successful master motor skills ```
37
Adolescent?
11-18yo sex roles develop friendships are more permanent invincible understand hypothetical and deductie reasoning hormonal changes scoliosis screen - musculoskeletal maturity
38
Adolescence guidance?
``` HEEADSSS Home ok? Education ok? Eating ok? Activities- fave? Drugs Safety at home, school? Sexuality Suicide/mental health ```
39
Puberty?
hormone induced that cx 2ndry sex characteristics
40
Puberty age?
girls: 8-12yo boys: 9-14yo
41
Tanner/SMR staging?
scale 1-5
42
Tanner/SMR female?
``` 1- prepubscent 2 - light hair; breast buddying 3 - darker coarse hair; full breast 4 - adult hair; secondary mound (areola) 5-hair to thigh; darkening tissue around breast ```
43
Tanner/SMR male?
1- prepubscent 2- hair along penis; enlargement of penis, testes 3- darker coarse hair; phallus longing, scrotal texture changes 4- adult hair; penis bigger in circumference, darkening of scrotal skin 5- hair to medial thigh; adult size
44
Constitutional delay?
``` late bloomers family hx (+) NORM PE and labs bone age is delayed 2-3yrs "catch up growing" ```
45
Familiar short stature?
family hx (+) NORMAL puberty, PE, labs (GH) bone age is chronological age
46
Pathological short stature?
``` <5 cm/yr fetal: chromosomal, Turners sx maternal: fetal alcohol sx endocrine: hypothyroidism non-endocrine: renal tubular acidosis, malabsoprtion, celiac ```
47
Short and pudgy?
endocrine (hypothyroidism)
48
Short and scrawny?
nonendocrine (malabsorption, celiac)
49
Tall stature - normal?
familial
50
Tall stature - abnormal?
Klinefelter sx marfan sx excessive GH
51
Marfan sx?
acrachnodactyly subluxation of lens autosomal dominant mutant genes
52
Klinefelter sx?
small testes developmental delay low tesosterone
53
Excessive GH?
epiphysis open - gigantism | epiphysis closed - acromegaly
54
Screening test vs dx test?
screening: NO sx are present dx: sx ARE present
55
Screening test for peds?
``` anemia lead hearing vision language ```
56
Anemia screening-age?
9-12mo | women: every 5-10yrs
57
Anemia RF?
women have long menses, low iron intake premature infant early use of cows (before 12mo) too much milk
58
Iron deficiency?
MOST COMMON CX OF ANEMIA IN CHILDHOOD (6mo-2yrs)
59
Iron deficnecy - microcytic/hypochromic?
low MCV incr RDW decr ferritin
60
Iron def - screening?
hgb | hct
61
Iron def - prevention?
breast fed infants take iron supplement start fortified cereal @ 6mo NON breast fed infants --> fortified formula
62
Baby has cognitive delay?
plumbism (lead toxicity)
63
Plubmism - PE?
``` low -abdominal pain -constipation -hearing loss -osteopenia -decrease bone growth high -spontaneous abortions -renal dz -seizure ```
64
Lead screening-age?
9-12mo | 24 mo
65
Lead RF?
language delay chronic anemia PICA NE industrial
66
Lead tox tx?
admit
67
Hearing screen - types?
OAE (otoacoustic emissions) | ABR (auditory brainstem response)
68
Hearing screen -how?
newborn screening --> fail --> try again --> fail --> ENT
69
Hearing screen - age?
``` 4yrs 5yrs 6yrs 8yrs 10yrs ```
70
Hearing screen - RF?
parent concerns family hx craniofacial anomalies hx of recurrent otits media/effusion
71
Abnormal speech development?
12mo: no babbling 18mo: no single words 24mo: <600 words
72
Vision screen - infancy?
object tracking | red reflex
73
Vision screen - toddler?
red reflex
74
Vision screen - school age and adolescent?
snellen
75
Strabismus?
cross eye estropia - inward exotropia - outward NOT visual defect
76
Amblyopia?
``` lazy eye VISUAL DEFECT (one brain uses one side more than other) ```
77
Developmental screening?
objective screening
78
Developmental screening - age?
9mo 18mo 30mo
79
MCHAT screening?
18mo | 24mo
80
Autism-age?
2-4yo | rarely <2yo
81
``` "baby not talking" "poor eye contact" "in own world" "plays alone, not in groups" "sensitive to sounds, textures, sights" "self injury" ```
R/O DEAFNESS | AUTISM
82
BP - age?
3yo
83
Cholesterol-age?
11-12yo | 17-18yo
84
CG/Chlamydia-age?
sexually active females

Pediatrics (12 decks)

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