General Physiology

Question 1

Define cells

Answer 1

functional units of the body

Question 2

Define tissues

Answer 2

a group of cells with a specific function

Question 3

Define organs

Answer 3

a group of tissues with a specific function

Question 4

Define systems

Answer 4

a group of organs with a specific function

Question 5

Define viscera

Answer 5

soft organs

Question 6

What cavities are in the body

Answer 6

thoracic and abdominal

Question 7

What is contained in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 7

heart and lungs

Question 8

What is contained in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 8

digestive organs and reproductive organs

Question 9

What separates the body cavities?

Answer 9

The diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity

Question 10

Anterior

Answer 10

toward the front (opposite of posterior)

Question 11

Cranial

Answer 11

toward the head

Question 12

Lateral

Answer 12

to the side

Question 13

Medial

Answer 13

situated in the middle

Question 14

Posterior

Answer 14

behind (opposite of anterior)

Question 15

Caudal

Answer 15

toward the tail

Question 16

Ventral

Answer 16

abdominal or near the abdominal wall (opposite of dorsal)

Question 17

Dorsal

Answer 17

on or near the spinal column (opposite of ventral)

Question 18

Proximal

Answer 18

closest to a given reference point (opposite of distal)

Question 19

Distal

Answer 19

farther from a given reference point (opposite of proximal)

Question 20

Describe the external environment animals inhabit

Answer 20

gaseous, animals breath air

Question 21

Describe the internal environment of animals

Answer 21

aqueous

Question 22

What are the fluid filled spaces of the body?

Answer 22

1. intracellular
2. interstitial
3. circulatory system

Question 23

What is intracellular fluid?

Answer 23

The fluids within cells that make up 45% of body weight

Question 24

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 24

The fluids between cells that make up 17% of body weight

Question 25

Describe the liquids of the circulatory system

Answer 25

blood plasma that makes up 6% of body weight

Question 26

How much of the body is water?

Answer 26

roughly 65%

Question 27

Define homeostasis

Answer 27

the combination of body mechanisms that cause the body to maintain an equilibrium (relatively constant) internal environment

Question 28

What systems are involved in maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 28

Circulatory Respiratory Urinary Digestive Muscular Nervous Endocrine

Question 29

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 29

To make adjustments to maintain equilibrium.

Question 30

What do nervous system receptors do? What are some examples?

Answer 30

detect changes in the environment external: ears, eyes, etc internal: receptors that detect changes in blood, etc

Question 31

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Answer 31

The somatic nervous system controls skeletal movements.

Question 32

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 32

controls involuntary bodily functions

Question 33

What are the branches of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 33

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 34

Describe the sympathetic system

Answer 34

controls emergency body response, fight or flight

Question 35

Describe the parasympathetic system

Answer 35

the system in control at rest; rest and digest

Question 36

What is a conditioned reflex?

Answer 36

a learned behavior due to a repeated stimulus

Question 37

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 37

secrete organic substances to be exchanged by the circulatory system. Typically takes a longer time, and occurs when a change in the environment (usually internal) requires a specific response for altering cell environments.

Question 38

What are hormones? What types are there?

Answer 38

Hormones are a chemical substance secreted by a ductless gland. Types: 1. Proteins: made from amino acid chains 2. Steroids: derivatives of cholesterol 3. Amino acids derivatives: made from individual amino acids

Question 39

Exocrine vs. endocrine

Answer 39

exocrine: secreted out of the body (ex. mammary gland secretes milk) endocrine: compounds secreted into the blood

Question 40

What are the two types of target organs for hormones?

Answer 40

general and specific