General Principles Flashcards
(29 cards)
Amount of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation
Bioavailability
Used to determine the safety and efficacy if generic drugs
Bioequivalence
Measures the dose or concentration required to bring about 50% of the drug’s maximal effect
Potency/ EC50
Dose at which 50% of the individuals exhibit the specified quantal effect
ED50/Median effective dose
dose at which 50% of the animals manifest a particular toxic effect
TD50/ Median toxic dose
Transfer of drug from site of administration to bloodstream
Absorption
Volum Distribution
Refers the apparent volume into which the drug is able to distribute
Elimination of drug at a constant rate
Zero order kinetics
Elimination at a rate that is proportional to the serum concentration of the drug
First order kinetics
Addition of a polar moiety (Sulfate, acetate, glucorunate)
Phase II metabolism
Use of CYP 450 system
oxidation
reduction
hydrolysis
Phase I metabolism
Describes the rate at which a specific drug is cleared from the system
Clearance
Used as a measure of drug safety
Therapeutic index
Formula for therapeutic index
TD50/ED50
Refers to the dosage range between the minimum effective therapeutic concentration or dose and minimum toxic concentration or dose
Therapeutic window
Substance that shifts the graded dose response curve to the right
Competitive antagonist
Substance that does not reduce the same maximum effect and is exhibited by a decrease in Emax
Partial Agonist
Substance that depress the graded-dose response curve
Noncompetitive antagonist
an antagonist that interacts directly with the agonist and not all or only incidentally with the receptor
Chemical antagonist
The action of the drug to the body
Pharmacodynamics
The action of the body to the drug
Pharmacokinetics
Permeation that is governed by Fick’s Law
Lipid diffusion passive diffusion
Permeation that is saturable and inhibitable
Carrier-Mediated transport
Adverse effect that is infrequently observed in most patients
Idiosyncratic reactions
