General Programming

Question 1

A sequence of instructions that solves a problem is called …

Answer 1

an algorithm

Question 2

A computer program consists of instructions executing one at a time. Basic instruction types are:

Answer 2

Input: A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen, network, etc.
Process: A program performs computations on that data, such as adding two values like x + y.
Output: A program puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen, network, etc.

Question 3

Programs use ( ) to refer to data, like x, y, and z below.

Answer 3

Variables. The name is due to a variable’s value varying as a program assigns a variable like x with new values.

Question 4

Because a syntax error is detected by the compiler, a syntax error is known as a type of

Answer 4

compile-time error.

Question 5

A logic error, also called a “____”, is an error that occurs while a program runs.

Answer 5

bug

Question 6

Instructions represented as 0s and 1s are known as “_____”

Answer 6

machine instructions

Question 7

a sequence of machine instructions together form an “_______”

Answer 7

executable program (sometimes just called an executable).

Question 8

Because 0s and 1s are hard to comprehend, programmers soon created programs called “______” to automatically translate human readable instructions, such as “Mul 97, #9, 98”, known as “___________”, into machine instructions.

Answer 8

assemblers

assembly language instructions

Question 9

In the 1960s and 1970s, programmers created “_________” to support programming using formulas or algorithms, so a programmer could write a formula like: F = (9 / 5) * C + 32.

Answer 9

high-level languages

Question 10

To support high-level languages, programmers created “_______”, which are programs that automatically translate high-level language programs into executable programs.

Answer 10

compilers

Question 11

The preprocessor reads a program before it is compiled and only executes those lines beginning with # symbol.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Escape sequences are always stored internally as a single character.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is a Preprocessor directive and what does it start with?

Answer 13

Preprocessor directives are lines included in the code of programs preceded by a hash sign (#). These lines are not program statements but directives for the preprocessor. The preprocessor examines the code before actual compilation of code begins and resolves all these directives before any code is actually generated by regular statements.

Question 14

In a cout statement, which of the following will advance the output position to the beginning of the next line?

Answer 14

endl or \n

Question 15

What will the following code display?
int number = 23;
cout &laquo_space;“The number is “ &laquo_space;“number” &laquo_space;endl;

Answer 15

The number is number

Question 16

A valid (_______ )is a sequence of one or more letters, digits or underscore characters (). Neither spaces nor punctuation marks or symbols can be part of an identifier. Only letters, digits and single underscore characters are valid. In addition, variable identifiers always have to begin with a letter. They can also begin with an underline character ( ), but in some cases these may be reserved for compiler specific keywords or external identifiers, as well as identifiers containing two successive underscore characters anywhere. In no case can they begin with a digit.

Answer 16

identifier

Question 17

An assignment statement uses the

Answer 17

= operator to store a value in a variable

Question 18

To initialize a variable means to

Answer 18

assign it a value when it is defined

Question 19

The scope of a variable:

Answer 19

the part of the program in which the variable can be accessed

Question 20

Arithmetic Operators

Answer 20

C++ has unary, binary, and ternary operators:
unary (1 operand) -5
binary (2 operands) 13-7
rernary (3 operands) exp1 ? exp2 : exp3

Question 21

What are the binary arithmetic operators

Answer 21

+, -, *, /, %

% is modulus and gives the remainder of division as its answer

Question 22

multi line comments begin and end with

Answer 22

/*
*/

Question 23

Named Constants

Answer 23

Named constant (constant variable):
variable whose content cannot be changed during program execution

Used for representing constant values with descriptive names:
const double Tax_Rate = 0.0675
const int NUM_SATES = 50:

often named in uppercase letters