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NSI Exam 2 > General Terminology And SC Morphology > Flashcards

General Terminology And SC Morphology Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Forebrain is composed of what two structures

A

Cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

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2
Q

Collections of cell bodies with a common function

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

Layers of gray matter over other parts of the CNS

A

Cortex

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4
Q

Tapering inferior end of the spinal cord: ________

Group of axons that project from the spinal cord inferior to the above structure: _______

Thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the conus medullaris to the coccyx: ________

A

Conus medullaris

Cauda equine

Filum terminal

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5
Q

Horn that consists of interneurons who’s processes remain within the spinal cord and projection neurons whose axons collect into ascending sensory pathways

A

Posterior horn

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6
Q

Distinctive region of gray matter that caps the posterior horn

A

Substantia gelatinosa

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7
Q

Part of posterior horn that consists of interneurons and projection neurons that transmit somatic and visceral sensory information

A

Body of the posterior horn

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8
Q

Substantia gelatinosa appears pale because it primarily deals with what kind of fibers

A

Finely myelinated/unmyelinated sensory fibers that carry pain and temperature information

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9
Q

White matter located between the substantia gelatinosa and the surface of the cord

A

Lissauer’s tract

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10
Q

Lower motor neurons are contained in which horn

A

Anterior horn

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11
Q

Autonomic nerves are contained within what area of the spinal cord

A

Intermediate gray matter

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12
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons lie in what segments

A

T1-L3 primarily in the interomedial smell column

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13
Q

Sacral parasympathetics lie in what spinal cord levels

A

S2-S4 but do not form a distinct horn

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14
Q

Collection of large cells located on the medial surface off the posterior horn (T1-L2) that play a prominent role in sensory processing and typically treated as part of the posterior horn

A

Clark’s nucleus - posterior thoracic nucleus

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15
Q

Lamina that is a thin layer of gray matter covering the substantia gelatinosa

A

Layer 1

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16
Q

The substantia gelatinosa is what lamina. Level

A

Level II

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17
Q

Body of the posterior horn are what lamina level

A

III - VI

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18
Q

Lamina level that corresponds to the intermediate gray matter (including Clarke’s nucleus) but also includes extensions into anterior horn

A

Lamina VII

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19
Q

Lamina that comprises some of the interneurons zones of the anterior horn

A

Lamina VIII

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20
Q

Lamina that consists of clusters of motor neurons embedded in the anterior horn

A

Lamina IX

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21
Q

Lamina that is thae zone of gray matter surrounding the central canal

A

Lamina X

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22
Q

Nucleus that modulates the transmission of pain and temperature information
Found at all levels in lamina II

A

Substantia gelatinosa

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23
Q

Sensory processing nucleus found in all levels at Lamina III-VI

A

Body of posterior horn

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24
Q

Posterior spinocerebellar tract cells found at T1-L2 in the VIII lamina nucleus

A

Clarke’s nucleus

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25
Bundle of axon fibers in the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway of SC that carries sensory information from the arms
Fasciculus cuneatus
26
Bundle of axons fibers in the posterior column-dial lemniscus pathway of SC that carries sensory information from the middle thoracic and lower limbs of the body
Fasciculus gracilis
27
Sensory axons enter the spinal cord on what side
Dorsal root ganglion
28
Motor axons emerge the spinal cord from what side
Anterior horn
29
White matter contains what 3 direction of axons
Long descending Long ascending Local axons interconnecting different spinal levels
30
Gray matter contains what things
Motor neuron cell bodies Endings of incoming sensory axons Second order sensory cell bodies (axons entering ascending tracts to relay sensory information. To brainstem and forebrain) Endings of long descending tracts and local interneurons
31
Increase total cortical area and total number ofcortical neurons
Folding into gyri and sulci
32
Huge fiber bundle that joins the two hemispheres
Corpus callosum
33
Lobe that extends from the frontal pole to central sulcus Contained by the cingulate sulcus medially and the lateral sulcus laterally Continues inferiorly as the orbital part of the _______ lobe
Frontal lobe
34
Lobe that extends to the lateral sulcus to the line connecting the top of the parietoccipital sulcus and preoccipital notch
Temporal lobe
35
Lobe that extends from the central sulcus to an imaginary line connecting the top of the parietoccipital sulcus and preoccipital notch
Parietal lobe
36
Strip of cortex that encircles the telencephalon-diencephalon junction
Limbic lobe
37
The nervous system develops from the neural tube that contains a central cavity. This cavity persists in adults as
A system of interconnected ventricles Lateral ventricles —> interventricular foraen -> 3rd ventricle —> cerebral aqueduct —> 4th ventricle —> central canal
38
White matter that connects cortical areas within the same sulci/gyri
Arcuate fibers
39
White matter that connects cortical areas within the same hemisphere
Longitudinal/Association fasciculi
40
White mater that connects cortical areas within R/L hemispheres
Commissural tracts
41
White matter that connects cortical areas with other body regions
Projection tracts
42
Largest fiber bundle in the brain that interconnects the two cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum
43
Additional area of the cerebral cortex not included in the five lobes Concealed by frontal, parietal and temporal lobes
Insula
44
What four gyrus make up the lateral surface of the frontal lobe
Precentral gyrus Superior Middle Inferior gyrus
45
The primary motor cortex is housed within the ________ Gyrus
Precentral gyrus
46
Also within the precentral gyrus are the _________ and _________ motor areas Functionally related to the planning and initiation of voluntary movements
Premotor and supplementary motor
47
The parietal lobe is made up of what three gyrus
Postcentral gyrus, superior and inferior parietal gyrus
48
Functions of parietal gyri
Postcentral: primary somatosensory cortex; controls w/ processing of tactile and proprioceptive information and sensory localization Inferior - language comprehension (only on left) Remainder - spatial orientation and directing attention
49
Auditory areas are contained within what lobe
Temporal lobe
50
Temporal lobe composed of what gyri
Superior middle and inferior gyri
51
Four functions of the temporal lobe
Primary auditory cortex Wernicke’s area - comprehension Higher order processing of visual information Learning and memory
52
Visual areas are contained within the ______ lobe
Occipital lobe
53
A wedge shaped area between the parietoccipital and calcarine sulcus
Cuneus
54
Inferior to the calcarine sulcus and continuous with the parahippocampal gyrus is the ______ gyrus
Lingual
55
The primary visual cortex is contained within the _____ sulcus
Calcarine sulcus
56
The limbic lobe is composed of two gyri
The cingulate and parahippocampal gyri
57
Lies beneath the uncus of the temporal lobe
Amygdala
58
Four divisions of the diencephalon
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalaus Subthalamus
59
Nearly every pathway carrying specific information bound for the cerebral cortex from the subcortical site includes a stop in what brain center
Thalamus
60
What brain region controls the autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus
61
Divisions of the brainstem
Midbrain - continuous with the diencephalon Pons Medulla - continuous with the spinal cord
62
Lobes of the cerebellum
Anterior - affferents from the spinal cord- coordinates trunk and limb movements Flocculonodular lobe - recieves afferents from the vestibular system, invovled in controlling eye movements and postural adjustments to gravity Posterior lobe -recieves afferents from the cerebral cortex via the pons; plays ar ole in coordination of voluntary movements
63
What are the basal nuclei
Caudate nucleus | Lenticular nucleus
64
Axons of primary afferents enter the CNS with/without crossing the midline
Without
65
With a few exceptions, the components of sensory primary afferents are all _______
Ipsilateral

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