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General Treatment of Diabetes Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What should majority of calories come from?

A

Complex carbs, then fats, and lastly proteins

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2
Q

Carbs should be __% of diet?

A

45%

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3
Q

Fats should be ___% of diet?

A

30-40%

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4
Q

Proteins should be ___% of diet?

A

15-20%

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5
Q

Why are we worried about carbs?

A

Sugar destroys vessels just like fat

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6
Q

High fiber slows down ____ absorption in intestines, therefore eliminating sharp rise/fall in blood sugar

A

Glucose

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7
Q

Wait until blood sugar ____ to begin exercise

A

Normalizes

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8
Q

What should the client do pre-exercise to prevent hypoglycemia?

A

Eat a snak

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9
Q

Exercise when blood sugar is high or low?

A

Highest

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10
Q

T/F: Exercise same time and amount daily

A

T

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11
Q

Extreme blood sugar= ?

A

Vascular damage

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12
Q

Examples of complex carbs?

A

Fruits
Veg
Whole grains

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13
Q

Establish ___ with exercise

A

Routine

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14
Q

What type of diabetes get oral anti-diabetics and non-insulin injectables?

A

T2

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15
Q

Oral anti-diabetics and non-insulin injectables

Administered how?

A

Oral

SQ

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16
Q

Oral anti-diabetics and non-insulin injectables

How do they work-improve what 2 things?

A
  1. How body produces insulin

2. How body uses insulin and glucose

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17
Q

All oral anti-diabetics work to _____

A

Decrease amount of circulating glucose

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18
Q

What is the most widely used anti-diabetic?

A

Metformin

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19
Q

T/F: Metformin may be used for weight control in T2 diabetes

A

T

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20
Q

T/F: Metformin may be used with clients who have pre-diabetes

A

T

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21
Q

Why is metformin a favorite?

A

It reduces glucose production

Enhances how glucose enters cells

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22
Q

T/F: Metformin does not stimulate the release of insulin

A

T

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23
Q

Can you see hypoglycemia with metformin?

A

No!

Does not stimulate the release of more insulin!! It just reduces glucose production and helps the way glucose gets in a cell

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24
Q

If metformin is not controlling blood glucose, then what may be ordered?

A

Another anti-diabetic ….like Glargine (Lantus)

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25
Clients undergoing surgery or any radiologic procedure that involves contrast dye should temporarily discontinue metformin. When can they resume?
48 hours after the procedure if kid function has returned and Cr is normal
26
How is insulin dose determined?
Initially based on body weight (average adult dose is 0.4-1 untis/kg/d)
27
Insulin dose is adjusted until ___ is normal and until there is no more glucose or ___ in urine
Blood sugar, ketones
28
Never give what insulin without food at bedside
Rapid acting
29
Only insulin to give IV?
Regular
30
T/F: Long acting has no peak and has steady control
T
31
What color is regular insulin
Clear
32
What color is NPH insulin
Cloudy
33
When drawing up insulin, what do you draw up first?
Clear Inject air to cloudy, inject air to clear, draw up clear, draw up cloudy
34
All ____ are also clear and cannot be mixed with any other insulin or given IV
Long acting
35
What is the standard insulin you give IV?
Reg *rapid acting may also be given IV
36
Plan is based on clients lifestyle, ___ and activity
Diet Goal is to keep the before meal glucose near normal at 70-130 mg/dL
37
The most common method of daily dosing insulin is ____
Basal bolus dosing
38
The total daily dose of insulin with the basal/bolus method is a combination of what 2 insulins?
Long acting insulin | Rapid acting insulin
39
How often to give long acting insulin?
Once a day
40
How often to give rapid acting insulin?
Throughout day before meals in divided doses, and it covers the food eaten at meals
41
Are snacks required with basal/bolus insulin dosing?
NO *But clients must eat with a rapid acting insulin! So have food available
42
When insulin is at its peak, the blood sugar is at its?
Lowest
43
Always monitor client on insulin for ____
Hypoglycemia
44
What does HbA1c test do?
Gives an average of what your blood sugar has been over past 3-4 months
45
Normal HbA1c?
Ideal goal: less than 7% If it is more than 6.5% then that is diagnostic for diabetes
46
What happens to your blood sugar when you are sick or stressed?
Increased *normal pancreas can handle these fluctuations...Increase in blood sugar when sick or stressed is normal to help fight illness/stressor. ....If you are a diabetic who is sick, may have to increase insulin dose or DKA may occur!
47
Diabetic illness --- can lead to ?
DKA!
48
How to do rotation of site?
Within an area first
49
Aspirate insulin?
No Note: dont aspirate heparin and lovanox either `
50
What is an alternative to daily insulin injections
Insulin infusion pumps
51
Insulin infusion pumps What insulin?
Rapid acting only
52
Insulin infusion pumps help obtain better control. Receiving a basal level of insulin from the pump and boluses of additional insulin as needed with ___ or if they have an elevated ___
Meals; blood sugar
53
Only insulin to give IV
Regular
54
Only insulin to give via sq insulin infusion pump
Rapid acting
55
S/s of hypoglycemia?
``` Cold and clammy Confusion HA Hunger Nausea Nervous Shaking Tachycardia ```
56
If hypoglycemic, what should client do?
Eat simple carb (15g) - 4 oz juice or coke - 4 glucose tabs
57
Snacks should be ___ grams of carbs
15 g
58
Glucose absorption is delayed in foods with lots of __
Fats
59
What is 15-15-15 rule?
15 g snack, wait 15 min and recheck, give 15 more grams of simple carb if blood sugar not up
60
Once blood sugar is up, then get what?
Complex carb (protein, fat--Ex: PB crackers)
61
You enter diabetics room and they are unconscious. What do we treat client like--hypo or hyperglycemic. Tx?
Hypoglycemic ``` Give D50W (need large bore, hard to push) *if no IV access, give injectable ```
62
Preventing hypoglycemia?
Eat Take insulin regularly Know signs of hypoglycemia Check blood sugar regularly
63
What is hypoglycemia?
Blood sugar of 70 mg/dL or less

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