General UTI*

Question 1

Where does pyelonephritis occur

Answer 1

Upper kidney

Question 2

What UTI occurs at the lower kidney

Answer 2

Cystitis
Prostatitis
Urethritis
Epididymo-Orchitis

Question 3

How does prostatitis present

Answer 3

Perianal pain during orgasm

Question 4

What are the common causatives of UTI (KEEPS)

Answer 4

Klebsiella
Enterobacter
E Coli
Proteus
S Sapro

Question 5

What is the most common causative organism of UTI

Answer 5

UPEC (Uropathogenic E Coli)

Question 6

Why are females more affected than males in UTI

Answer 6

Females have shorter urethra so its easier for bacteria to colonise form the anus

Question 7

How are all UTIs Diagnosed

Answer 7

1st = Urine dipstick
Gold = Midstream MC+S

Question 8

What are the results of a positive Urine dipstick for UTI

Answer 8

Leukocytes
Nitrites
Haematuria sometimes

Question 9

Why is a urine dipstick positive for nitrites

Answer 9

Bacteria breaks nitrates into nitrites

Question 10

What is Pyelonephritis

Answer 10

Upper ureter and Renal parenchymal infection typically caused by UPEC

Question 11

What are the RF for Pyelonephritis

Answer 11

Urine stones
Renal structure change
Catheters

Question 12

How does a patient with PN present

Answer 12

Loin pain w/ fever and pyuria

N+V

Question 13

What is Pyuria

Answer 13

Pus in urine

Question 14

How is PN Treated

Answer 14

Abx = Ciprofloxacin/ Co Amoxiclav

Question 15

How is a pregnant PN patient treated if they can’t have Ciprofloxacin or Co Amoxiclav

Answer 15

Cefalexin

Question 16

What is Cystitis

Answer 16

UPEC infection of the bladder

Question 17

What are the RF for Cystitis

Answer 17

Urine stones
Bladder lining damaged
Catheters

Question 18

How does a patent w/ Cystitis present

Answer 18

Suprapubic tenderness
Storage Sx - Frequency and Urgency
Haematuria

Question 19

How is Cystitis treated

Answer 19

Trimethoprim/Nitrofurontoin

CI = Amoxicillin

Question 20

How is a pregnant cystitis patient treated

Answer 20

Amoxicillin

Question 21

What is Urethritis

Answer 21

Urethral Inflammation (+/Infection) typically sexually acquired

Question 22

What are the two infective causatives of Urethritis

Answer 22

N Gonorrhea (Negative Diplococcus)
Chlamydia Trochamatis (Negative Bacillus)

Question 23

what are the RF for Urethritis

Answer 23

Unprotected sex

Male-Male

Question 24

How does a patient with urethritis present

Answer 24

Dysuria
Discharge
Uretrhal pain

Question 25

What are the investigations for STI as cause of urethritis

Answer 25

NAAT | -Nucleic acid amplification

Question 26

How is Gonorrohea treated

Answer 26

IM Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin

Question 27

How is Chlamydia treated

Answer 27

Azithromycin

Question 28

In what disease does urethritis play a part in a triad of presentations

Answer 28

Reactive arthritis - Cant See - Cant Pee - Cant Climb a tree

Question 29

What is Epididymo Orchitis

Answer 29

Inflammation of epididymus extending to the testes typically as a result of Urethritis/Cystitis

Question 30

How does a patient w/ EO present

Answer 30

Unilateral scrotal pain/swelling Pain relief w/ lifting testis Creamasteric Reflex remains

Question 31

What differential of EO presents with Pain persisting when elevating testis and loss of cremasteric reflex

Answer 31

Testicular Torsion due to Bell Clapper deformity

Question 32

How is EO Investigated

Answer 32

NAAT (Rule out STI) | Urine Dip and Midstream MCS

Question 33

How is Gonorrhea causing EO treated

Answer 33

Cetriaxone and azithromycin

Question 34

How is Chlamydia causing EO treated

Answer 34

Azithromycin

Question 35

How is UPEC causing EO Treated

Answer 35

Trimethoprim/ Nitrofurontoin

Question 36

How is KEEPS causing EO treated

Answer 36

Ciprofloxacin or Co Amoxiclav