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Flashcards in general virus crap Deck (23)
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1
Q

all viruses have what two things? some viruses have what?

A

all viruses have:

  1. genetic material (either RNA or DNA)
  2. capsid (icosahedral or helical)

some viruses also have an envelope (consisting fo a lipid bilayer with glycoproteins sticking out)

2
Q

What is reassortment?

A

when segmented genomes trade segments (ie influenza)

3
Q

what is complementation?

A

when 2 viruses infect a host cell, and one uses proteins made by the other virus (ie if virus A has a mutation in one of it’s proteins, so it can’t replicate, but virus B is in the same cell and is able to make the protein, virus A will hijack virus B’s proteins for it’s own use, and they’ll both be able to replicate).

4
Q

phenotypic mixing

A

when a cell is simultaneously infected by 2 viruses, and the genome of 1 virus is partially/completely used to coat the other virus with surface proteins. (IE Virus A’s genetic material is used to create Virus B’s surface proteins, which means that Virus A has virus B’s infectivity, because infectivity is dictated by surface proteins!)

5
Q

What dictates a virus’s infectivity?

A

its surface proteins

6
Q

what dictates the genetic material?

A

the nucleic acids (RNA or DNA)

7
Q

are attenuated vaccines live or dead viruses?

A

live!

8
Q

attenuated (live) vaccines can’t be used in…

A

immunocompromised pt!

9
Q

do you need boosters for attenuated (live) or killed vaccines? Why?

A

killed! Bc killed vaccines only induce humoral (Ab) immunity, which is significantly weaker than live vaccines which induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

10
Q

what type of immunity is generated with live (attenuated) vaccines?

A

cell mediated and humoral (Ab)

11
Q

what type of immunity is generated using killed vaccines?

A

humoral (Ab)

12
Q

do you need special storage for attenuated (live) vaccines? killed vaccines? component vaccines?

A

attenuated: yes– bc they’re alive!
killed: NO!
component: no

13
Q

is there potential for contamination with other viruses in attenuated (live) vaccines? killed vaccines? component vaccines?

A

attenuated- yes– high!
killed - reduced risk
component: no

14
Q

what is the mnemonic for live attenuated vaccines?

A

Live! One night Only! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin’s and MMRR

Live- live vaccine
"one night only"- no boosters necessary!
small: small pox
yellow: yelow fever
chickens: varicella-zoster
Sabin's: attenuated polio (given orally)
M: Mumps
M: Measles
R: Rubella
R: Rotavirus
15
Q

what vaccines are available in the live attenuated form (8)?

A

Live! One night Only! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin’s and MMRR

Live- live vaccine
“one night only”- no boosters necessary!

small: small pox
yellow: yelow fever
chickens: varicella-zoster
Sabin’s: attenuated polio (given orally)
M: Mumps
M: Measles
R: Rubella
R: Rotavirus

16
Q

Adenovirus is the only live virus that is

A

pathogenic (not attenuated). Respiratory strains given in enteric coated capsules.

17
Q

what is the only pathogenic (rather than attenuated) viral vaccine given?

A

adenovirus

18
Q

what is the mnemonic for killed vaccines?

A
Rest In Peace Always
Rabies (killed human diploid cell vaccine)
Influenza
Polio (Salk)
A Hepatitis
19
Q

What are the 4 killed vaccines?

A

Rabies (killed human diploid cell vaccine)
Influenza
Polio (Salk)
A Hepatitis

**Rest In Peace Always

20
Q

what is a component vaccine?

A

a vaccine that is man-made, synthetically produced viral antigen that is givento a patient to inducea response

21
Q

what two vaccines are given via component vaccines?

A

Hep B

HPV (types 6 & 11 for genital warts, types 16 & 18 for cervical cancer)

22
Q

HPV types 6 & 11 give you

A

genital warts

23
Q

HPV type 16 and 18 give you

A

cervical cancer