general virus crap Flashcards
(23 cards)
all viruses have what two things? some viruses have what?
all viruses have:
- genetic material (either RNA or DNA)
- capsid (icosahedral or helical)
some viruses also have an envelope (consisting fo a lipid bilayer with glycoproteins sticking out)
What is reassortment?
when segmented genomes trade segments (ie influenza)
what is complementation?
when 2 viruses infect a host cell, and one uses proteins made by the other virus (ie if virus A has a mutation in one of it’s proteins, so it can’t replicate, but virus B is in the same cell and is able to make the protein, virus A will hijack virus B’s proteins for it’s own use, and they’ll both be able to replicate).
phenotypic mixing
when a cell is simultaneously infected by 2 viruses, and the genome of 1 virus is partially/completely used to coat the other virus with surface proteins. (IE Virus A’s genetic material is used to create Virus B’s surface proteins, which means that Virus A has virus B’s infectivity, because infectivity is dictated by surface proteins!)
What dictates a virus’s infectivity?
its surface proteins
what dictates the genetic material?
the nucleic acids (RNA or DNA)
are attenuated vaccines live or dead viruses?
live!
attenuated (live) vaccines can’t be used in…
immunocompromised pt!
do you need boosters for attenuated (live) or killed vaccines? Why?
killed! Bc killed vaccines only induce humoral (Ab) immunity, which is significantly weaker than live vaccines which induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
what type of immunity is generated with live (attenuated) vaccines?
cell mediated and humoral (Ab)
what type of immunity is generated using killed vaccines?
humoral (Ab)
do you need special storage for attenuated (live) vaccines? killed vaccines? component vaccines?
attenuated: yes– bc they’re alive!
killed: NO!
component: no
is there potential for contamination with other viruses in attenuated (live) vaccines? killed vaccines? component vaccines?
attenuated- yes– high!
killed - reduced risk
component: no
what is the mnemonic for live attenuated vaccines?
Live! One night Only! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin’s and MMRR
Live- live vaccine "one night only"- no boosters necessary! small: small pox yellow: yelow fever chickens: varicella-zoster Sabin's: attenuated polio (given orally) M: Mumps M: Measles R: Rubella R: Rotavirus
what vaccines are available in the live attenuated form (8)?
Live! One night Only! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin’s and MMRR
Live- live vaccine
“one night only”- no boosters necessary!
small: small pox
yellow: yelow fever
chickens: varicella-zoster
Sabin’s: attenuated polio (given orally)
M: Mumps
M: Measles
R: Rubella
R: Rotavirus
Adenovirus is the only live virus that is
pathogenic (not attenuated). Respiratory strains given in enteric coated capsules.
what is the only pathogenic (rather than attenuated) viral vaccine given?
adenovirus
what is the mnemonic for killed vaccines?
Rest In Peace Always Rabies (killed human diploid cell vaccine) Influenza Polio (Salk) A Hepatitis
What are the 4 killed vaccines?
Rabies (killed human diploid cell vaccine)
Influenza
Polio (Salk)
A Hepatitis
**Rest In Peace Always
what is a component vaccine?
a vaccine that is man-made, synthetically produced viral antigen that is givento a patient to inducea response
what two vaccines are given via component vaccines?
Hep B
HPV (types 6 & 11 for genital warts, types 16 & 18 for cervical cancer)
HPV types 6 & 11 give you
genital warts
HPV type 16 and 18 give you
cervical cancer
