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3S - Trematodes > Generalities > Flashcards

Generalities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first intermediate host for all the trematodes?

A

Snail

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2
Q

Fasciolopsis buski infects what organ in humans?

A

Interstinal Flukes

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3
Q

Trematodes is also known as ____

A

Flukes

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4
Q

Taxonomic Classification:
It belongs to what Phylum?

A

Phylum Platylhelminthes

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5
Q

Taxonomic Classification:
- It is under what class?

A

Class Trematoda

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6
Q

Taxonomic Classification:
- It is from what OrdeR?

A
  • Order Digenea
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7
Q

All appear flat and leaf-like except ________.

A

Schistosoma spp.
- bc it would appear cylindrical/elongated

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8
Q

T/F: All are bilaterally symmetrical and unsegmented

A

True
- No lines present on the surface of the trematodes

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9
Q

All are monoecious except ________.

A

Schistosoma spp.

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10
Q

________ outer covering of the fluke; it is non-cellular and may contain spines (e.g. paragonimus) or tuberculations

A

Tegument

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11
Q

_______ refer to protruding structures present on the surface (e.g. members of schistosoma)

A

Tuberculations

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12
Q

T/F: These are hermaphroditic/monoecious

A

True

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13
Q

What does it mean by hermaphroditic?

A
  • both male and female reproductive organs are present in one parasite
  • no male and female worms
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14
Q

T/F: they have no anus and blind intestinal ceca

A

True

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15
Q

All possess two suckers except ________.

A

Heterophyes heterophyes
(has 3 suckers: oral, ventral, gonotyl/genital)

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16
Q

This surround the mouth

  • oral or ventral sucker
A

Oral sucker

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17
Q

This is used for attachment

  • oral or ventral sucker
A

Ventral Sucker/Acetabulum

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18
Q

what parasite has 3 sucker?

A

Heterophyes heterophyes

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19
Q

Eggs are operculated except ______

A

Schistosoma spp.

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20
Q

Egg has a lid-like structure called the ______. It opens to allow the larva to emerge

A

Operculum

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21
Q

Since Schistosoma spp. does not have operculum, how will the larva emerge from the Schistosoma egg?

A

The larva will emerge by the egg hatching longitudinally.

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22
Q

All require 2 IH except ________.

A

Schistosoma species
(snail only)

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23
Q

Infective stage is metacercaria except ______

A

Schistosoma spp.
(Cercaria that has fork tail)

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24
Q

7 General Fluke Life Cycle
E-M-S-R-C-M-A

A
  1. Egg
  2. Miracidium
  3. Sporocyst
  4. Redia
  5. Cercaria
  6. Metacercaria
  7. Adult
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25
Q

What part of parasite be used for identification and can be described as simple or branching?

A

Intestinal ceca

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26
Q

What part of parasite is Necessary for egg shell production

A

Vitellaria

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27
Q

Adult flukes will generally appear _______ in appearance.

Note: Schistosomes are an exception as they are described to be elongated and cylindrical.

A

Leaf-life

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28
Q

Nonschistosomal flukes:________
Schistosomes:_________

A. Monoecious; Diecious
B. Hermaphrodite; Monoecious
C. Diecious; Monoecious
D. Monoecious; Monoecious

A

A

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29
Q

What is the function of the operculum?

A. Mechanical and Chemical Protection
B. Aids the diffusion of nutrients
C. Escape passageway for the first larval stage
D. All of the above

A

C.

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30
Q

A fluke egg is ________ if there is a presence of miracidia inside when it is laid. Otherwise, it is _______
A. miracidiated; amiracidiated
B. mature; immature
C. unembryonated; embryonated
D. primary; secondary

A

B

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31
Q

Which of the following flukes lay mature eggs? EXCEPT
I. Schistosoma spp.
Il. Paragonimus westermani
Ill. Fasciola lanceolata
IV. Eurytrema pancreaticum
V. Fasciola hepatica
VI. Opisthorchis spp.
VIl. Clonorchis spp.
VIII. Heterophyes heterophyes

A. All except |
B. All except VI and VII
C. All except II
D. All except Il and V

A

D.
Flukes lay mature eggs except Paragonimus westermani and Fasciola hepatica

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32
Q

The following needs fish as their second intermediate host, except for:
A. Opisthorchis felineus
B. Clonorchis sinensis
C. Heterophyes heterophyes
D. Eurytrema pancreaticum

A

D. Eurytrema pancreaticum

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33
Q

All of the following describes a miracidium, except for:
A. first larval stage
B. has a tail
C. motile
D. ciliated
E. free-swimming

A

b.
Miracidia does not have a tail

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34
Q

The following are molluscan stages (happens inside a mollusk; snail), except for:
A. Redial stage
B. Miracidial stage
C. Cercarial stage
D. Sporocyst stage

A

B. MIracidial stage

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35
Q

What larval stage is terminated from the molluscan host?

A

Cercaria

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36
Q

All of the following describes a cercaria, except for:
A. last larval stage
B. has a tail
C. motile
D. ciliated
E. free-swimming

A

D. Ciliated
(It is not ciliated)

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37
Q

In what host are metacercariae expected to form?

A

2nd Intermediate host

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38
Q

Infective stage of non-schistosomal flukes to humans

A

Metacercaria

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39
Q

The following can be a second intermediate host of non-schistosomal flukes, except for:
A. Aquatic plant
B. Crab
C. Ants
D. Grasshopper
E. Fish
F. Snail
G. All of them can be second intermediate host

A

G.

40
Q

Arrange the following stages of non-schistosomal flukes in chronological order after escaping from the egg
I. Miracidium
Il. Sporocyst
III. Redia
IV. Cercaria
V. Metacercaria

A

I, II, III, IV, V

41
Q

Arrange the following stages of schistosomal flukes in chronological order after escaping from the egg
I. Miracidium
Il. Sporocyst
IlI. Redia
IV. Cercaria
V. Metacercaria

A

Miracidium -> Sporocyst -> Cercaria

42
Q

In humans, where do metacercariae excyst after ingestion to become juvenile flukes?

A

Small Intestine

43
Q

The following describes Schistosoma spp. eggs, except for:

A. Non-operculated
B. Mature when laid
C. Gives rise to miracidium
D. Dioecious

A

D.

44
Q

Which of the following statements regarding Schistosoma spp. is false?

A. Schistosomes have multiple generations of sporocyst stages
B. Schistosomes typically do not have redial stages
C. Schistosomes do not have metacercarial stages
D. Schistosomes reinfect snails making them their second intermediate host

A

D.

45
Q

The cercaria of Schistosoma spp. is characterized by its _______ posteriorly.

A

Forke tail

46
Q

The stage after the cercaria has lost its tail during penetration of skin.

A

Schistosomule

47
Q

True or False?
The forked tail of Schistosoma spp. cercaria is left outside the skin once it penetrates the skin.

A

True

48
Q

Parasites that reproduce via separate sexes

A

Dioecious

49
Q

General term for human infection with flukes

A

Distomiasis

50
Q

True or False?
The presence and location of spines can distinguish the Schistosoma spp.

A

True

51
Q

Which of the following is characteristically described to have a lateral recurved hook?

A

Schistosoma japonicum

52
Q

Which of the following is characteristically described to have a lateral spine?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

53
Q

Which of the following is characteristically described to have a terminal spine?

A

Schistosoma haematobium

54
Q

Which of the following is characteristically described as Hen’s eggs?

A

Fasciola hepatica
Fasciolopsis buski

55
Q

Which of the following is characteristically described as old-fashioned electric light bulbs?

A

Clonorhis s.
Opithorchis f.
Heterophyes h.
M

56
Q

Which of the following is characteristically described to have a “shoulder”?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

57
Q

True or False?
The multiple larval stages of flukes is commonly demonstrated in human samples.

A

False

58
Q

How many suckers do typical flukes usually have?

A

2

59
Q

Organ specialized for attachment to host of some flukes and is used in feeding.

A

Oral sucker

60
Q

Organ for attachment to a host found on the lower or abdominal surface of some flukes

A

Ventral sucker

61
Q

Larger in the majority of the flukes
A. Oral sucker
B. Ventral sucker

A

B. Ventral sucker

62
Q

Unlike most flukes, ________has a larger oral sucker relative to its ventral sucker, while _________ has a subequal size for both its suckers.
A. Clonorchis sinensis; Paragonimus westermani
B. Paragonimus westermani; Clonorchis sinensis
C. Clonorchis sinensis; Opisthorchis viverrini
D. Opisthorchis viverrini; Clonorchis sinensis

A

A.

63
Q

Aside from Clonorchis sinensis, which parasite has a larger oral sucker compared to & their ventral sucker?

A

Eurytrema pancreaticum

64
Q

In Heterophyes heterophyes, in addition to the ventral sucker and the oral sucker, what sucker is present?

Note: This is situated near the ventral sucker.

A

Gonotyl sucker

65
Q

Long tube-like structure following the pharynx of a typical adult fluke.

Note: This can be classified as simple (unbranched) or branched.

A

Intestinal ceca

66
Q

Branching structures found on the periphery of an adult fluke that is important for 1) egg nourishment.

A

Vitellaria

67
Q

True or False?
Testes of non-schistosomal flukes usually come in tandem (a pair) and lie either on top of each other, obliquely, or side-by-side.

A

True

68
Q

Usually come in tandem (pairs)
A. Testes
B. Ovary
C. Uterus

A

A

69
Q

Usually oval
A. Testes
B. Ovary
C. Uterus

A

B.

70
Q

Coiled structure
A. Testes
B. Ovary
C. Uterus

A

C.

71
Q

When observing adult flukes, organs such as the ovary, intestinal ceca, and testes would appear as _____

A

Branching

72
Q

Spines found around the oral sucker of certain parasites such as the Echinostoma spp.

A

Collarette of spines (circlet of spines)

73
Q

Mode of transmission of non-schistosomal flukes (organ-dwelling flukes)

A

Ingestion (of contaminated 2nd IH)

74
Q

Habitat of Schistosoma spp. (Blood-dwelling flukes) in humans

A

Blood Vessels

75
Q

Specimen of Choice for Paragonimus westermani

A

Sputum

76
Q

Stage of flukes that causes pathogenesis as they migrate.

A

Juvenile stage

77
Q

True or False?
The eggs of Fasciolopsis buski and Fasciola hepatica are the biggest among the flukes, but they are easily distinguishable with one another.

A

False

78
Q

True or False?
Diet is irrelevant when diagnosing a fluke infection because fluke species share intermediate hosts.

A

False

79
Q

The following is the difference between Fasciolopsis buski and Fasciola hepatica adults:

A. Fasciola hepatica adult has a distinct cephalic cone (shoulder)
B. Fasciolopsis buski adult has a simple intestinal ceca, while Fasciola hepatica has a branching intestinal ceca
C. Both of them are correct
D. None of the choices are correct

A

C.

80
Q

Second Intermediate Host of Fasciola spp. and Fasciolopsis spp

A

Water plants

81
Q

Definitive hosts of Fasciola spp. except for
A. Humans
B. Cattle
C. Sheep
D. Snails

A

D.

82
Q

Pharyngeal suffocation caused by the ingestion of liver infected with live adult livel flukes. These flukes are trapped in the pharynx.

A

Halzon

83
Q

True or False?
Halzoun is a likely condition when a patient sample is seen with Fasciola spp. eggs but the patient does not display jaundice. This is inferred to be a false fascioliasis.

A

True

84
Q

Reservoir hosts of Fasciolopsis buski, except for:
A. Rabbits
B. Dinosaurs
C. Pigs
D. Dogs

A

B.

85
Q

Second Intermediate Hosts for Fasciolopsis buski, except for:
A. Crab
B. Water Chestnut
C. Lotus
D. Water caltrop

A

A.

86
Q

Second Intermediate Hosts for Fasciola spp., except for:
A. Lymnaea philippinensis/ Lymnaea rubiginosa
B. Ipomea obscura (Morning glory/ kangkong)
C. Nasturtium officinale (Watercress)
D. All of them are correct

A

A.

87
Q

Natural Host of Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep

88
Q

For Fasciola hepatica, humans serve as what type of host?

A

Accidental host

89
Q

Limited to Far Eastt
A. Fasciolopsis buski
B. Fasciola hepatica
C. Fasciola gigantica
D. Both B and C

A

A.

90
Q

Worldwide distribution

A. Fasciolopsis buski
B. Fasciola hepatica
C. Fasciola gigantica
D. Both B and C

A

D.

91
Q

More Common in the Philippines
A. Fasciolopsis buski
B. Fasciola hepatica
C. Fasciola gigantica
D. Both B and C

A

C.

92
Q

Treatment for Fasciolopsis buski infection

A

Praziquantel

93
Q

Treatment for Fasciola hepatica infection

A

Dichlorophenol (bithionol)

94
Q

Difference between Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica adults:
A. Fasciola gigantica is longer has more developed shoulders and a shorter cephalic cone
B. Fasciola hepatica is shorter has more developed shoulders and a longer cephalic cone
C. Fasciola gigantica is shorter has more developed shoulders and a longer cephalic cone
D. Fasciola hepatica is longer has more developed shoulders and a shorter cephalic cone

A

B.

95
Q

Common name of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Chinese Liver Fluke

3S - Trematodes (15 decks)

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