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3S - Trematodes > Liver Flukes: Clonorchis sinensis > Flashcards

Liver Flukes: Clonorchis sinensis Flashcards

1
Q

Common name of Chlonorchis sinensis

A
  • Chinese Liver Fluke
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2
Q

1st IH of C. sinensis

A
  • Bulinus spp.
  • Parafossarulus manchouricus
  • Parafossarulus anomalospiralis
  • Parafossarulus stratulus
  • Alocinma longicornis
  • Thiara granifera
  • Melanoides tuberculatus
  • Semisulcospira
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3
Q

For the 1st IH, what are the species under Parafossarulus? There are 3.

A
  1. P. manchouricus
  2. P. anomalospiralis
  3. P. stratulus
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4
Q

For the 1st IH, what are the species under Bulinus? There is only 1.

A
  • B. striatulus
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5
Q

For the 1st IH, what are the species under Alocinma? There is only 1

A
  • A. longicornis
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6
Q

For the 1st IH, what are the species under Thiara? There is only 1

A
  • T. granifera
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7
Q

For the 1st IH, what are the species under Melanoides ? There is only 1

A
  • M. tuberculatus
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8
Q

2nd IH of Clonorchis sinensis. There are 2.

A
  1. Freshwater fish (Cyprinidae)
  2. Freshwater shrimp (but not all the time)
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9
Q

Final host/Definitive Host of C. sinensis.

A

Human

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10
Q

Habitat of the adult C. sinensis in Man.

A
  • Bile ducts
  • Bile passages
  • Gallbladder
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11
Q

Diagnostic Stage of C. sinensis

A

Recovery of eggs/ovaries in stool
embryonated eggs

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12
Q

Drug of choice for C. sinensis

A

Praziquantel

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13
Q

Alternative Drug of choice for C. sinensis

A

Albandazole

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14
Q

What is the appearance of the oral sucker of C. sinensis and where is it located?

A
  • Located on the anterior which is tapering
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15
Q

Which sucker is bigger than the other C. sinensis

A

Oral > Ventral

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16
Q

What is the appearance of C. sinensis’s testis?
A. Branched
B. Unbranched
C. Highly Branched
D. Coiled

A

C. Highly branched

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17
Q

What is the arrangement of C. sinensis Testis?
A. In tandem
B. Simple
C. Oblique

A

A. In tandem

18
Q

What trematode is highly associated with cancer/malignancy?

A

Clonorchis sinensis

19
Q

What trematode can also be attributed to the ff. diseases?
- cholangiocarinoma
- gallbladder carcinoma
- liver carcinoma`

A

Chlonorchis sinensis

20
Q

Why does cancer/malignacy happens to a human when infected with C. sinensis?

A

The presence of the parasite in the liver, the liver adjusts. They are secreting substances which triggers inflammation or tissue damage in liver/gallbladder.

21
Q

When the egg of C. sinensis is laid, is it embryonated or unembryonated?

A

Embryonated

22
Q

The abopercular end of C. sinensis has what distinct appearnce?

A
  • Has small tail or comma-like projection
23
Q

What is the appearance of C. sinensis embryonated egg? In terms of its shape, color, operculum, and shoulders.
(same with Opisthorchis)

A
  • Shape: Ovoid
  • Color: Yellowish brown
  • Operculum: Convex
  • Shoulders: Thickened rim
    + well-developed miracidium that has assymetrical feature inside the eggs
24
Q

In C. sinensis eggs are stained using what stain?

A

Potassium permanganate

25
Q

Adult c. sinensis are stained with what stain?

A

India Ink

26
Q

Diagnosis of C. sinensis

A
  1. Detection of egg in stool (DFS, FECT, Kato-Katz)
  2. Liver biopsy
  3. Cholangiography -> CT Scan, X-ray
  4. ELISA
  5. EIA (Enzyme immunoassay, RTPCR),
  6. Coproovosccopy
  7. PCR
27
Q

What trematode is associated in these pathology?

  • Clonorchiasis
  • Cholangiocarcinoma
A

Clonorchis sinensis

28
Q

T/F:

Clonorchis egg is leaf-like structure

A

True

29
Q

It is the most important Liverpool Fuke of man

a. Clonorchis
b. Opisthorchis

A

a. Clonorchis

30
Q

Reservoir hosts of C. sinensis

A
  • Cats
  • Dogs
  • Pigs
  • Other mammals
31
Q

C. sinensis Life Cycle

not yet

A
32
Q

Clonorchis sinensis: Adult Morphology
- mas manipis yung upper part, mas makapal/rounded yung lower part

A
  • Flat
  • transparent
  • attenuated anteriorly
  • rounded posteriorly
33
Q

Clonorchis sinensis: Adult Morphology

  • Ovaries: _______
  • Testes: ______
  • Intestinal Ceca: ______
  • Looks like ______
  • Oral Sucker is ______ (size)
A
  • Ovaries: Lobed
  • Testes: Deeply branched, in tandem
  • Intestinal Ceca: Simple; Not branching
  • Looks like Spatula
  • Oral Sucker is very large
34
Q

C. sinensis/Opisthorchis eggs - Yes/No:

Presence of abopercular protrude

A

Yes

35
Q

C. sinensis/Opisthorchis eggs

Immature/Mature when passed?

A

Mature when passed

36
Q

Clonorchis and Opisthorchis: Eggs

In the opposite side of operculum, there is a hook-like structure called ________ ________.

A

abopercular protruberance

37
Q

Clonorchis and Opisthorchis: Disease Manifestations

What happens in Acute infection?

A
  • Fever and chills
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • weight loss
  • liver enlargement
  • eosinophilia
38
Q

Clonorchis and Opisthorchis: Disease Manifestations

What happens in Chronic infection?

A
  • Periductal fibrosis
  • Cirrhosis and portal hypertension
  • Perforation of gallbladder
  • Chronically infected persons may develop
  • Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile duct Carcinoma)
39
Q

Clonorchis and Opisthorchis: Diagnosis

For Stool

A
  1. FECT, KATO-KATZ, STOLL’S DILUTION
  2. Duodenal Aspirates, Entero-test
40
Q

Clonorchis and Opisthorchis: Diagnosis

For Serology

A
  1. ELISA (Detect secretory antigens)
41
Q

Clonorchis and Opisthorchis: Diagnosis

For Molecular

A
  1. PCR
42
Q

Pathology of C. sinensis

A

● Bile duct obstruction
● Cholangio carcinoma
● Liver carcinoma
● Gallbladder carcinoma

3S - Trematodes (15 decks)

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