Generalized absence, myoclonic or atonic seizures + Status epilepticus Flashcards Preview

20 Antiepileptic drugs > Generalized absence, myoclonic or atonic seizures + Status epilepticus > Flashcards

Flashcards in Generalized absence, myoclonic or atonic seizures + Status epilepticus Deck (18)
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1
Q

Drugs used for generalized absence, myoclonic or atonic seizures

A

Ethosuximide

Clonazepam

2
Q

Ethosuximide - MOA

A

Blocks T-type calcium channels in thalamic neurons. Inhibits the low-threshold 3-Hz (three cycles per second) spike-and dome depolarizations seen in absence seizures.

3
Q

Ethosuximide - indications

A

DOC for generalized absence seizures in children. (not very effective in adults or other types of seizures)

4
Q

Ethosuximide - adverse effects

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, gastric distress, lethargy, nausea

5
Q

Ethosuximide - interactions

A

Decreased met by: valproate. With haloperidol: altered seizure pattern

6
Q

Clonazepam - MOA

A

Enhances GABA-mediated chloride influx

7
Q

Clonazepam - indications

A

Absence, myoclonic and atonic seizures

8
Q

Clonazepam - contraindications

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma, hypersensitivity, severe liver disease

9
Q

Clonazepam - interactions

A

Decreased met by: Cimetidine and disulfiram. Increased met by: rifampin.
Clonazepam increases CNS depression with alcohol.

10
Q

Clonazepam - adverse effects

A

Arrhythmia, CNS depression, drug dependence, hypotension, mild
respiratory depression

11
Q

Clonazepam - safety in pregnancy

A

Category C: apnea in newborns, defects.

12
Q

Drugs for status epilepticus

A

Diazepam, lorazepam

phenobarbital, Phenytoin

13
Q

Diazepam, lorazepam - contraindications

A

Acute angle-closure glaucoma, hypersensitivity, severe liver disease

14
Q

Diazepam, lorazepam - adverse effects

A

Arrhythmia, CNS depression, drug dependence, hypotension, mild respiratory depression

15
Q

Diazepam - interactions

A

Decreased met by: Cimetidine and disulfiram. Increased met by: rifampin. Clonazepam increases CNS depression with alcohol.

16
Q

Diazepam - safety in pregnancy

A

Cat D: increased risk of birth defects

17
Q

Lorazepam - interactions

A

Increased met by rifampin. Increased CNS depression with alcohol

18
Q

Lorazepam - safety in pregnancy

A

Cat D: increased risk of birth defects