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GCSE physics > generating and distributing electricity > Flashcards

generating and distributing electricity Flashcards

1
Q

what is kinetic energy?

A

energy stored in the movement of an object

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2
Q

what is gravitational potential energy?

A

energy stored because of an objects position above the ground

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3
Q

what is elastic potential energy?

A

energy stored because of a change of shape of an object

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4
Q

what is chemical energy?

A

energy in a chemical compound

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5
Q

what is heat energy?

A

energy given off my hot or warm object

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6
Q

what is light energy?

A

energy that can be seen

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7
Q

what is sound energy?

A

energy of vibrating solids, liquids and gases

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8
Q

what is electrical energy?

A

energy carried by a flow of electricity

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9
Q

what is nuclear energy?

A

energy stored in the structure of an atom, released in nuclear reactions

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10
Q

what is the rule about energy?

A

energy cannot be made or destroyed it can only be transferred into other types of energy

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11
Q

what is electrical energy easily transferred into?

A

heat, light, sound and kinetic energy

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12
Q

in a Sankey diagram what does the input energy equal to?

A

the output energy

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13
Q

what is the term for a lot of wasted energy?

A

inefficiency

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14
Q

what are non-renewable energy sources?

A

ones that cannot be replaced and so will run out

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15
Q

what examples of non-renewable energy sources are there?

A

coal, oil, gas and nuclear

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16
Q

how was coal formed?

A

dead trees falling which were eventually buried under layer after layer of earth and rock

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17
Q

how was oil formed?

A

plankton and dead sea creatures falling to the sea bed and becoming buried

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18
Q

how was gas formed?

A

a by-product of formation of coal

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19
Q

how was nuclear formed?

A

found under earths surface which emit radiation and are dangerous if not handled correctly

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20
Q

what is the primary energy source for all living things?

A

the sun

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21
Q

what is a renewable energy source?

A

one that is easily replaced and will not run out. They are sustainable

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22
Q

how is energy created by wind?

A

turbines situated onshore on hills or offshore

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23
Q

how is energy created by photovoltaic cells?

A

solar panels

24
Q

how is energy created by biomass?

A

burned wood or organic waste

25
how is energy created by wave?
'nodding ducks' used to change the movement of waves into spinning movements
26
how is energy created by tidal?
tide comes in and water is trapped behind is barrage and when tide goes out it is released
27
how is energy created by hydroelectric power?
water is stored in an upper reservoir and flows down to lower reservoirs through pipes. water is pumped at certain times
28
how is energy created by geothermal power?
hot rocks beneath the earths surface can be used to heat water to produce steam which can turn a turbine
29
how is electricity generated in a non-renewable power station?
energy sources are burned to heat water to produce steam which then turns a turbine. The turbine turns a generator which produces electricity
30
what are the energy changes that occur in a power station?
chemical --> heat --> kinetic --> electrical | fuel --> boiler/ steam --> turbine --> generator
31
how is electricity generated in a renewable power station?
biomass is burned to heat water which produces steam to turn a turbine which turns a generator to produce electricity wind - turns turbine directly waves - turns turbine directly due to tide hydroelectric - turns turbine directly tidal - turns directly
32
what are the advantages of coal?
has a high reliable output
33
what are the disadvantages of coal?
high - commissioning, running, fuel and decommissioning costs produces CO2 and SO2 which adds to global warming and acid rain long start up time
34
what are the advantages of oil?
reliable output high output per unit mass short start up time
35
what are the disadvantages of oil?
high - commissioning, running, fuel and decommissioning costs produces CO2 and SO2 and oil spillages
36
what are the advantages of gas?
reliable output high output per unit mass short start up time
37
what are the disadvantages of gas?
high - commissioning, running, fuel and decommissioning costs produces CO2
38
what are the advantages of nuclear?
high reliable out put per unit mass low fuel cost no CO2 or SO2 because nothing is burned
39
what are the disadvantages of nuclear?
high - commissioning, running and decommissioning costs radioactive waste that stays active for thousands of years which can leak and cause disasters long start up time
40
what are the advantages of biomass?
reliable output | high output per unit mass
41
what are the disadvantages of biomass?
high - commissioning, running and decommissioning costs | produces CO2 but is carbon neutral, habitats destroyed
42
what are the advantages of wind?
low running costs | no fuel costs
43
what are the disadvantages of wind?
high commissioning costs not a reliable output produces noise and is an eyesore low output
44
what are the advantages of solar?
low running costs | no fuel costs
45
what are the disadvantages of solar?
high commissioning costs not a reliable output low output power
46
what are the advantages of wave?
low running costs | no fuel costs
47
what are the disadvantages of wave?
high commissioning costs not reliable low output power interferes with shipping and marine life
48
what are the advantages of tidal?
low running costs no fuel costs high output power reliable output
49
what are the disadvantages of tidal?
high commissioning costs | migration of fish and silting
50
what are the advantages of hydroelectric?
``` low running costs no fuel costs reliable output high output fast start up time ```
51
what are the disadvantages of hydroelectric?
destroys habitats | high commissioning costs
52
what is the national grid?
network of cables that connect power stations to station consumers
53
what is a step up transformer?
increase the voltage which decreases current so less heat is lost through the cables
54
what is a step down transformer?
decreases voltage for safe distribution
55
what is baseload?
electricity that is always generated
56
why do certain times peak?
more electricity being used
57
why is the national grid reliable?
if one power station breaks down electricity is still produced all power stations are connected to the national grid can meet varying demand

GCSE physics (8 decks)

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