generators and components

Question 1

wavelength and frequency of a wave are ___ proportional

Answer 1

inverseley

Question 2

velocity is equal to the ___ ___ ___

Answer 2

speed of light

Question 3

if frequency increases, then wavelength ____

Answer 3

decreases

Question 4

___ ___: the x-ray examination room appearance can vary from establishment to establishment

Answer 4

x-ray suite

Question 5

x-ray machines consist of 3 basic components

Answer 5

operating console
high voltage generator
x-ray tube

Question 6

most x-ray imaging systems are designed to operate on ___v power

Answer 6

220

Question 7

electricity in the walls is __v

Answer 7

120

Question 8

the ___ ___ measures the voltage provided to the x-ray machine and adjusts that voltage to exactly 220v

Answer 8

line compensator

Question 9

line compensators are used to regulate the ___ in the machine

Answer 9

voltage

Question 10

___ ____ refers to the number of x-rays or intensity of the x-ray beam

Answer 10

radiation quantity (mAs)

Question 11

radiation quantity is expressed in ____ or ____

Answer 11

milliroentgens

milliampere-second

Question 12

___ ___ refers to the penetrability of the x-ray beam

Answer 12

radiation energy (kVp)

Question 13

radiation energy is expressed in ___ ___

Answer 13

kilovolt peak

Question 14

radiation quantity can be though of how many x-rays are ___

Answer 14

made

Question 15

radiation energy can be thought of as how likely the x-rays are to ___ the patient

Answer 15

penetrate

Question 16

if you increase the radiation energy then you are ___ likely to penetrate

Answer 16

more

Question 17

the operator is able to directly control the ___ and __ on the console

Answer 17

mAs

kVp

Question 18

the number of x-rays that reach the image receptor is directly related to both the x-ray tube ____ and the ___ that the tube is energized

Answer 18

current

time

Question 19

most active machines today are equipped with electronic timers controlled by a ____

Answer 19

microprocessor

Question 20

____x_____= mAs

Answer 20

sec x milli-amperes

Question 21

automatic exposure control is used with ___ ___

Answer 21

digital radiography

Question 22

digital radiography measures the quantity of radiation that reaches the ___ ___

Answer 22

image receptor

Question 23

digital radiography automatically ____ the exposure when the receptors receives the required ____

Answer 23

terminates

intensity

Question 24

in order to produce x-rays, a very high voltage potential has to be reached and the current must be ____

Answer 24

direct

Question 25

for the current to be direct, there needs to be a high voltage _____ and a voltage _____

Answer 25

transformer | rectifier

Question 26

the voltage rectifier allows the current to flow in ___ directly

Answer 26

1

Question 27

voltage rectifier converts ___ current to ____ current

Answer 27

alternating | direct

Question 28

converting alternating current to direct current is accomplished by using ____

Answer 28

diodes

Question 29

the electricity in the walls is an ____ current

Answer 29

alternating

Question 30

a very small amount (~__%) of the energy used to prodocue an x-ray is converted in to ____

Answer 30

1 | x-rays

Question 31

the energy that is not used to make the actual x-ray (__%) is essentially wasted as ___ ___

Answer 31

99 | heat energy

Question 32

___ ___ is often a limiting factor as to how many x-rays can be made in a single exposure

Answer 32

heat energy

Question 33

alternating current generator has a ____% ripple

Answer 33

100

Question 34

single phase half rectified generator has a ___% ripple

Answer 34

100

Question 35

single phase full rectified generator is ____% ripple

Answer 35

100

Question 36

alternating current has an ___ and ___ appearance

Answer 36

up | down

Question 37

single phase half rectified generators' wave is the same as alternating current, however, the wave at the bottom is ___ ____

Answer 37

cut off

Question 38

single phase full rectified generator has the same appearance as alternating current however the bottom wave is ___

Answer 38

inverted

Question 39

triple phase full rectified generator is ___% ripple

Answer 39

14

Question 40

Triple phase full rectified generator's wave is ___ and ___

Answer 40

tripled | flipped

Question 41

high frequency generators have a <__% ripple

Answer 41

1

Question 42

every generator is direct current except _____ ____

Answer 42

alternating current

Question 43

the lower voltage ripple, the greater x-ray ___ and ___, as a result of more constant voltage supplied to the tube

Answer 43

quantity | energy

Question 44

energy/quantity is ___ related to % of ripple

Answer 44

inversely

Question 45

when xrays are produced, they are emitted ____

Answer 45

isotropically

Question 46

____: equal intensity in all directions

Answer 46

isotropically

Question 47

we only use x-rays that are emitted through the ___ of the tube

Answer 47

window

Question 48

the x-ray that is emitted through the window of the tube is known as the __ beam or __ beam

Answer 48

useful | primary

Question 49

____ ____: x-rays that escape through the protective housing

Answer 49

leakage radiation

Question 50

__ housing with ___ lining is used to prevent leakage radiation and electric shock

Answer 50

steel | lead

Question 51

leakage radiation must not exceed __mR/hr at 1 meter

Answer 51

100

Question 52

x-ray tube is where the x-rays are ___

Answer 52

created

Question 53

internal omponents of the x-ray tube is composed of the ___ and ___

Answer 53

cathode | anode

Question 54

the x-ray tube is an electronic ___ tube with components contained in a __ or ___ enclosure

Answer 54

vacuum glass metal

Question 55

the __ of the x-ray tube allows for more efficient x-ray production

Answer 55

vacuum

Question 56

___ in the enclosure of the x-ray tube reduces electron flow from the cathode to the anode

Answer 56

gas

Question 57

as a tube ages, ___ vaporizes and coats the inside of the glass enclosure

Answer 57

tungsten

Question 58

newer models and virtually all high capacity x-ray tubes now use ___ enclosures

Answer 58

metal

Question 59

___: thermionic emission occurs here

Answer 59

cathode

Question 60

___: site of x-ray production

Answer 60

anode

Question 61

___ is negatively charged

Answer 61

cathode

Question 62

cathode holds the ___ in a focusing cup

Answer 62

filament

Question 63

in the cathode, electricity circuit sends ___ to the filaments, which heats up to the point of boiling off a ___ of ___; this process is known as ___ ___

Answer 63

electrons cloud of electrons thermionic emission

Question 64

filament in the cathod is usually made of ___ __

Answer 64

thoriated tungsten

Question 65

tungsten provides for a higher ___ ___ than other metals because its boiling point is ____

Answer 65

thermionic emission | 3410

Question 66

the focusing cup is __ charged

Answer 66

negatively

Question 67

focusing cup is used to direct negatively charged electrons into a ___ area on the target

Answer 67

smaller

Question 68

___ ___: the cloud of electrons produced at the cathode

Answer 68

space charge

Question 69

the build up of negative charge makes it difficult for subsequent electrons to be emitted by the filament due to ___ ____

Answer 69

electrostatic repulsion

Question 70

2 filaments: 1 ___ and 1 ____

Answer 70

small | large

Question 71

small focal spot is used when ___ spatial resolution is required

Answer 71

better

Question 72

large focal spot is used when ___ body parts are imaged

Answer 72

large

Question 73

the anode is ___ charged, drawing the electrons from the cathode ___ it

Answer 73

positively | toward

Question 74

x-rays are created when electrons are shot over from the cathode and ___ into the anode

Answer 74

SLAM

Question 75

2 types of anodes

Answer 75

stationary | rotating

Question 76

___ anodes are sued in x-ray units in which high tube current and power are not required

Answer 76

STATIONARY

Question 77

rotating anodes are able to produce ___ energy x-rays and __ exposure time because of more ___ ___ and ___ ___

Answer 77

higher shorter surface area heat dissipation

Question 78

3 functions of the anode

Answer 78

electrical conductor mechanical support thermal dissipator

Question 79

___ is the area of the anode struck by the electrons from the cathode

Answer 79

target

Question 80

in the stationary anode tube , the target is embedded in the ___

Answer 80

anode

Question 81

in the rotating anode tube, the target is the ___ ___

Answer 81

rotating disc

Question 82

the target of the anode is made of ___

Answer 82

tungsten`

Question 83

the target of the anode is made of tungsten because of 3 things

Answer 83

atomic number thermal conductivity high melting point

Question 84

___ ___ effect is the result of the line focus principle that distributes radiation intensity more on the cathode side than on the anode side

Answer 84

anode heel

Question 85

the x-rays that are emitted through the "heel" of the anode are ___ in intensity because they have to travel a ___ path through the anode

Answer 85

reduced | longer

Question 86

the difference in radiation intensity across the useful beam of an x-ray field can vary by as much as ___%

Answer 86

45

Question 87

in general, the anode portion of the tube should be oriented over the ___ portion of the anatomy

Answer 87

thinner

Question 88

anode heel effect is altered by 3 main factors:

Answer 88

anode angle distance x-ray field size

Question 89

the smaller the anode angle, the ___ the heel effect

Answer 89

greater

Question 90

the shorter the distance of the anode heel, the ___ the heel effect

Answer 90

greater

Question 91

the larger the field size of the x-ray, the ___ the heel effect

Answer 91

greater

Question 92

the rotating anode is powered by an ___ ___ ____ which has 2 principle parts separated from each other by the glass or metal enclosure

Answer 92

electromagnetic induction motor

Question 93

what are the 2 principle parts to the induction motor

Answer 93

stator | rotor

Question 94

___ is the part of the induction motor outside the enclosure

Answer 94

stator

Question 95

___ consists of a series of electromagnets equally spaced around the neck of the tube

Answer 95

stator

Question 96

__ is the part of the induction motor that is the part inside the enclosure

Answer 96

rotor

Question 97

___ consists of a copper/iron shaft

Answer 97

rotor