fundamentals

Question 1

DACBR

Answer 1

diplomate of the american chiropractic board of radiology

Question 2

____ is the smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic energy

Answer 2

photon

Question 3

long wavelength = _____ frequency

Answer 3

low

Question 4

fast wavelength = ___ frequency

Answer 4

high

Question 5

____ is energy that comes from a source and travels through some material or through space

Answer 5

radiation

Question 6

_____ radiation: radiation that has enough energy to eject electrons from electrically neutral atoms, leaving behind charged atoms

Answer 6

ionizing

Question 7

ionizing radiation

- alpha particles?

Answer 7

helium nuclei

Question 8

ionizing radiation

- beta particles

Answer 8

electrons

Question 9

ionizing radiation

- x ray

Answer 9

high energy electromagnetic waves/particles

Question 10

ionizing radiation

- gamma rays

Answer 10

high energy electromagnetic waves/particles

Question 11

_____ are produced in the electron cloud of articficially excited atoms

Answer 11

x-ray

Question 12

____ ___ are produced inside the nucleus of radioative atoms

Answer 12

gamma rays

Question 13

___ are manmade

Answer 13

x-rays

Question 14

naturally occuring environmental radiation

• ____ (55%)
• ____ ____ (8%)
• _____ radiation (8%)
• ____ ____ ____ (11%)

Answer 14

radon
cosmic rays
terrestrial radiation
internally deposited radionucleotides

Question 15

man-made radiation

• ___ ____ (11%)
• ___ ___ (4%)
• ___ ____ (3%)

Answer 15

medical x-rays
nuclear medicine
consumer products

Question 16

xray photons:

• have no ___
• always travel at the ___ ___ ___
• have ____ wavelengths/frequencies
• ___ and ___ are both proportional
• are electrically _____
• obey the ___ ___ law

Answer 16

mass
speed of light
variable
energy/frequency
neutral
inverse square

Question 17

ALARA

Answer 17

as low as reasonably possible

Question 18

4 ways to maintain safe radiation exposure practices

Answer 18

filtration
collimation
protective apparel
protective barrier

Question 19

___ ___ are inserted into the xray machine in order to absorb low energy x-rays

Answer 19

metal filters

Question 20

____: method of restricting the x-ray beam to the part of the body of interest

Answer 20

collimation

Question 21

____ lined shields/aprons are used by patients and technologist to help reduce unwanted exposure

Answer 21

lead

Question 22

____ is a unit of radiation exposure

Answer 22

Roentgen

Question 23

Roentgen measure the ability to ionize the ____

Answer 23

air

Question 24

x-ray imaging systems are measured in ____

Answer 24

milliroentgens

Question 25

1mR = ____R

Answer 25

.001

Question 26

SI unit for Roentgen is ___ ___

Answer 26

air kerma

Question 27

1R = ___ Gy(a)

Answer 27

.01

Question 28

1Gy(a) = ___R

Answer 28

100

Question 29

___ ___ measures the amount of radiation is deposited/mass

Answer 29

absorbed dose (rad)

Question 30

the SI unit for absorbed dose is ____

Answer 30

gray (Gy(t))

Question 31

1rad = ___Gy(t)

Answer 31

.01

Question 32

absorbed dose measures the ability to ionize ___

Answer 32

tissue

Question 33

___ ___ is used to express the amount of radiation recieved by radiation workers and populations

Answer 33

dose equivalent

Question 34

SI unit of dose equivalent is ____

Answer 34

seivert

Question 35

1rem = ___SV

Answer 35

.01

Question 36

___ is the unit of quantity of radioactive material, not the radiation emitted by the material

Answer 36

curie

Question 37

SI unit of curie is ____

Answer 37

becquerel

Question 38

1Ci = ___ becquerel

Answer 38

3.7x10^10

Question 39

___ ___ ___ is a measure of the rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue

Answer 39

linear energy transfer

Question 40

linear energy transfer express in

Answer 40

kiloelectron volt of energy per micrometer of soft tissue

Question 41

LET of diagnostic x-rays ~

Answer 41

3Kev/um

Question 42

___ ___ ___ is a relative quantification of the ability of radiation to produce biologic damage

Answer 42

relative biologic effectiveness

Question 43

RBE of xrays is ___

Answer 43

1

Question 44

X-rays - cannot be focused by a ___ - are ___ by human senses - are highly ____ - travel in ___ lines in a divergent beam - produce scatter ___ - cause certain substances to ____ - can expose _____ _____ - can produce biological changes by ____

Answer 44

``` lens undetected penetrating straight radiation fluoresce photographic film ionization ```

Question 45

___ is an entity that varies in space and time

Answer 45

wave

Question 46

3 characteristics of a wave

Answer 46

wavelength frequency velocity

Question 47

___: distance over which the waves shape repeats

Answer 47

wavelength

Question 48

____: the number of waves per unit of time

Answer 48

frequency

Question 49

___: the product of wavelength and frequency

Answer 49

velocity

Question 50

all x-rays travel at a ___ speed

Answer 50

constant

Question 51

speed of light = _____m/s

Answer 51

3x10^8

Question 52

shorter the wavelength, the ___ the frequency

Answer 52

higher

Question 53

wavelength and frequency are ___ proportional

Answer 53

INVERSELY

Question 54

visible light photons tend to act more like ___

Answer 54

waves

Question 55

xray photons tend to act more like ___

Answer 55

particles

Question 56

____ ___ law: intensity of xrays is inversely proportional to the square of the distance traveled

Answer 56

inverse square law

Question 57

inverse square law | - if we double the distance, the intensity changes by a factor of ____

Answer 57

1/4

Question 58

if we half the distance, the intensity changes by a factor of ___

Answer 58

4