Genes

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

the complete set of DNA of any organism, including all of its genes

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

Gennetic material an individual inherits

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

the observable expression of the genotype, including both body characteristics and behavior

Question 4

environment

Answer 4

every aspect of individuals and their surroundings other than genes

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

Molecules of DNA that transmit genetic information, are made up of DNA

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

Molecules that carry al the biochemical instructions involved in the formation and functioning of an organism

Question 7

Genes

Answer 7

section of chromosomes that are the basic unit of heredity in all living things

Question 8

Crossing over

Answer 8

the process by which section of DNA switch from one chromosome to the other; crossing over promotes variability among individuals

Question 9

Mutation

Answer 9

A change in a section of DNA

Question 10

sex chromosomes

Answer 10

the chromosomes (X and Y) that determine an individuals designated sex at birth

Question 11

Endophenotypes

Answer 11

Intermediate phenotypes, including the brain and nervous systems, they do not involve other behavior

Question 12

Regulator Genes

Answer 12

genes that control the activity of other genes

Question 13

Alleles

Answer 13

Two or more different forms of a gene

Question 14

Dominant allele

Answer 14

The allele that, if present, gets expressed

Question 15

Recessive allele

Answer 15

The allele that if not expressed if a dominant allele is present

Question 16

Homozygous

Answer 16

Having two of the same allele for a trait

Question 17

Hetrozygous

Answer 17

Having two different alleles for a trait

Question 18

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 18

Inheritance pattern in which traits are governed by more than one gene

Question 19

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 19

A disorder related to a defective recessive gene on chromosome 12 that prevents metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine

Question 20

Carrier genetic testing

Answer 20

Genetic testing used to determine whether prospective parents are carriers of specific disorder

Question 21

Prenatal testing

Answer 21

Genetic testing used to asses the fetus’s risk for genetic disorders

Question 22

Newborn screening

Answer 22

tests used to screen newborn infants for a range of genetic and non genetic disorders

Question 23

Epigenetics

Answer 23

The study of stable changes in gene expression that are mediated by the environment

Question 24

methylation

Answer 24

methylmolucles block transcription in the promotor region of the gene, turning of gene activity

Question 25

Behavior genetics

Answer 25

the science concerned with how variation in behavior and development results from the combination of genetic en environmental factor.

Question 26

Heritable

Answer 26

refers to characteristics or traits that are genetically transmitted

Question 27

Heritability

Answer 27

a statistical estimate of the portion of the measured variance on a trait among individuals in a given population that is attributable to genetic differences among those individuals.

Question 28

Random assortment

Answer 28

- gamete creation 2^23 random | - fertilization 2^23 x 2^23