genes and proteins Flashcards
(21 cards)
central dogma
the flow of genetic info
DNA –> Transcription –> RNA –> Translation –> Protein
mRNA
carry the genetic info needed to make proteins
tRNA
is the bridge between nucleotides and amino acids
transcription
the making of RNA
translation
converts mRNA to proteins
what is gene expression
genes (segments of DNA) that are transcribed to RNA and then translated into proteins
what are the four steps of gene transcription
binding, initiation, elongation, termination
what must mRNA do in order to be translated into a protein
it must leave the nucleus
RNA capping
it is the methyl group at the 5’ end (called a 5’ cap)
polyadenylation
repeating of the a nucleotide
what coding sequences do bacterial mRNA have
they have an uninterrupted coding sequence
what coding sequences do eukaryotic mRNA have
they have a coding sequence that IS interrupted by non coding sequences
what are coding sequences called
exons
what are non coding sequences called
introns
what determines the sequence of bases in mRNA
DNA’s sequence of bases determines it due to complementary base paring
codons
the specific sequence of bases determines the “words” of the genetic code (the 3 letter combo)
what does tRNA do to mRNA codons
tRNA converts the codons into proteins
what is the site on tRNA that binds the bases with mRNA codons
the anticodon binds with the codon with the other end containing an amino acid
where does translation occur
on ribosomes with subunits
how much mRNA does a small subunit hold
one mRNA
how much tRNA does a large subunit hold
two tRNA
