Genes & Behaviour Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the physical expression of the genes inherited from parents.
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype is the expression of the genes inherited by the parents, observable in the individual’s characteristics.
What is a genotype?
A genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual, consisting of the set of genes.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What are the two types of chromosomes in humans?
22 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
What are the sex chromosomes for females?
XX.
What are the sex chromosomes for males?
XY.
What is a gene?
A gene is a specific region of DNA encoding a specific trait or function.
What are genes made up of?
Genes are made up of DNA.
What determines the function of a cell?
The order of the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine in a gene.
What does the term ‘observable and non-observable traits’ refer to?
Traits expressed in body appearance and behavior.
What is the significance of the 23 chromosomes in humans?
They consist of genetic information that determines individual traits.
What is an allele?
Different forms of a gene.
Alleles can influence traits in various ways.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes?
Dominant genes require only one copy to express a trait, while recessive genes require two copies.
This affects how traits are inherited.
What is the minimum number of gene copies needed to express a recessive trait?
Two copies.
This is essential for the expression of recessive traits.
Can all genes possessed by an individual be expressed at all times?
No, not all genes are expressed at all times.
Gene expression can be regulated.
What does it mean for genes to be switched on and off?
It means that gene expression can be regulated and is not constant.
This regulation affects the traits that are exhibited.
True or False: Having a gene guarantees that an individual will exhibit the trait associated with it.
False.
Environmental factors can influence whether a gene is expressed.
What influences behavior according to genetics?
Behavior is influenced by an amount of genes.
This suggests a complex interaction between genetics and behavior.
Fill in the blank: A _______ genogram is a tool used in genetics.
Family.
Family genograms help visualize genetic relationships and traits.
What are the methods of research for genes?
Twin studies, family studies, Adoption studies, Molecular genetics
These methods help in understanding genetic influences and inheritance patterns.
What is the goal of identifying the alleles of particular genes?
To understand genetic heritability and its contribution to behavior traits
Identifying alleles helps in studying how genetics influence various traits.
What does genetic heritability assess?
The extent to which genetic factors contribute to a particular trait of behavior
Heritability is often expressed as a percentage.
What is the Falconer Model?
(Phenotype) = (genetic heritability) + C(shared environment) + E(individual environment)
This model helps in understanding the contributions of genetics and environment to phenotypic traits.
