Hormones Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are hormones?
Chemicals released by specific glands in the body to regulate long-term changes in the body.
How do hormones circulate in the body?
They circulate in the blood to regulate long-term processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
What is the primary function of hormones?
Mostly function involuntarily.
Can hormones serve other roles besides hormonal functions?
Yes, some can also serve as neurotransmitters.
What is the master gland of the endocrine system?
Pituitary gland.
What does the pituitary gland receive information from?
The hypothalamus.
What is the role of glands in the body?
Anatomical structures responsible for producing and secreting substances that play vital roles in various physiological processes.
How do hormones affect target cells?
Hormones can affect only cells that have special receptors for that hormone.
What happens when a hormone attaches to a receptor?
It starts a series of changes, some of which involve genes.
What is the function of Oxytocin?
Stimulates uterine contractions and bonding behaviors.
Where is Oxytocin produced?
In the hypothalamus (brain).
What does Growth Hormone (GH) stimulate?
Stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration.
Where is Growth Hormone produced?
In the pituitary gland.
What is the function of Melatonin?
Regulates sleep-wake cycles (circadian rhythms).
Where is Melatonin produced?
In the pineal gland (brain).
What does Thyroxine (TH) regulate?
Regulates metabolism, energy production, and growth.
Where is Thyroxine produced?
In the thyroid gland.
What is the primary function of Parathyroid Hormone?
Regulates calcium levels in the blood
It is essential for muscle contraction and nerve signal transmission.
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
Near the thyroid
They are typically embedded in the back of the thyroid gland.
What is the role of adrenaline in the body?
Increases heart rate, energy and prepares for ‘fight or flight’ response
It is produced in the adrenal gland.
What does cortisol manage in the body?
Stress, metabolism, and inflammation
It is produced in the adrenal glands.
What is the function of insulin?
Lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake into cells
It is produced in the pancreas.
What is the primary role of estrogen?
Regulates female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics
It is produced in the ovaries.
What is the function of progesterone?
Prepares the uterus for pregnancy and regulates the menstrual cycle
It is produced in the ovaries.
