Genetic Disorders Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is an autosomal dominant disorder?
A genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele on a non-sex chromosome, such as Huntington’s disease.
What is an autosomal recessive disorder?
A genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele on a non-sex chromosome, such as cystic fibrosis.
What is an X-linked disorder?
A disorder caused by mutations in genes located on the X chromosome, such as hemophilia and color blindness.
Why are males more affected by X-linked recessive disorders?
Males have only one X chromosome (XY), so if they inherit a mutated allele, they express the disorder.
What is a carrier?
An individual who has one copy of a recessive allele for a disorder but does not express the disorder.
What is a pedigree?
A diagram that shows the inheritance pattern of a trait across multiple generations in a family.
How are males and females represented in a pedigree?
Males are represented by squares, and females are represented by circles.
How do Y-linked disorders differ from X-linked disorders?
Y-linked disorders are passed from father to son and only affect males, whereas X-linked disorders can be inherited by both males and females.
What is an example of an X-linked recessive disorder?
Red-green color blindness, which is more common in males.
How can pedigrees help predict genetic disorders?
Pedigrees track the inheritance of traits, helping to determine if a disorder follows dominant, recessive, or sex-linked patterns.
