Non-Mendalian Genetics Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is incomplete dominance?
Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blended heterozygous phenotype.
Example: red + white = pink flowers.
What is codominance?
Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed without blending.
Example: AB blood type where both A and B antigens are present.
What is an example of incomplete dominance?
A cross between a red-flowered plant (RR) and a white-flowered plant (WW) producing pink flowers (RW).
What is an example of codominance?
A person with AB blood type, where both A and B alleles are equally expressed.
What are multiple alleles?
A trait that is determined by more than two alleles, such as the ABO blood group system.
What is polygenic inheritance?
A trait controlled by two or more genes, leading to a wide range of phenotypes, such as height and skin color.
What is epistasis?
A phenomenon where one gene can influence or mask the expression of another gene.
What is pleiotropy?
A single gene affecting multiple traits, such as the gene for sickle cell disease, which impacts red blood cells and multiple body functions.
How does polygenic inheritance differ from single-gene inheritance?
Polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes, resulting in continuous variation, whereas single-gene traits follow simple dominant/recessive patterns.
How does codominance differ from incomplete dominance?
In codominance, both alleles are fully expressed, whereas in incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of both alleles.
