Genetic Engineering

Question 1

GENEtic engineering

Answer 1

• manipulating/changing the GENEtic material
• to make a better organism
• to produce useful products

Question 2

Biotechnology

Answer 2

• use of living organisms in specific process
• produce useful products “through GE”

Question 3

GENEtically modified organism

(GMO)

Answer 3

GENEtic material altered

Question 4

Polyploidy (3n, 4n, 5n…)

Answer 4

cells containing more than the diploid number of chromosomes

Question 5

GENE therapy

Answer 5

• treating disease/disorder -

inserting new GENEtic material

using a vector

Question 6

cloning

Answer 6

Asexual method of reproduction

GENEtically identical offspring from ONE parent

Question 7

SCNT(somatic cell nuclear
transfer)

Answer 7

DNA from a somatic cell of the desired organism (donor)

inserted into a DNA free egg cell from another organism (surrogate

inserted into a DNA free egg cell from another organism (surrogate

fertilised embryo is placed into the uterus of the surrogate to develop.

Question 8

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer 8

GENE coding for a useful protein is inserted

plasmid of a bacterial cell

produce a useful substance

Question 9

Plasmid Vector

Answer 9

small, double-stranded circular DNA molecules

bacterial replication origin

producing high levels of replication

Question 10

recombinant DNA

Answer 10

GENE from another organism has been inserted

the use of enzymes

Question 11

DNA ligase

Answer 11

enzyme used to join the foreign DNA

into the bacterial plasmid to form recombinant DNA

Question 12

restriction enzyme

Answer 12

cut open a bacterial plasmid at specific nucleotides

expose its GENEs

Question 13

transgenic technology

Answer 13

movement of GENEs from one species into another

introduce a desired characteristic

Question 14

transgenic organism

Answer 14

new GENEs from another species

Question 15

selective breeding/
artificial selection

Answer 15

specific organisms with specific traits/characteristics are selected

produce an offspring with desired traits

Question 16

vector

Answer 16

means of transferring new GENEtic material into another organism

inert viruses or bacteria

Question 17

hybrid vigour
(species hybrid) eg Liger

Answer 17

when outbreeding leads to the production of more varied, more fertile, stronger offspring

introducing new alleles into the genotype of the species

produced by crossing pure breeding homozygous parents for contrasting alleles

Question 18

CRISPR -CAS 9

Answer 18

edit parts of the genome by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence