genetic fingerprinting Flashcards
what is genetic fingerprintig
method ised to produce a specific pattern of DNA bands from an individuals genome
what is a VNTR
variable number tandem repeats (peices of DNA that repeat themselves)
short repeating sequneces of DNA in non-coding regions- introns
vary in lenght and number in every individual
DNA fingerprinting
extraction of DNA of interest, amplicfication by PCR
digestion using specific restrction endonuclease into DNA fragments (VNTRs)
seperation of DNA fragments by gel electrophoresis
VNTRs hybridised at specfic complimentary base sequences wiht DNA probes
gel is developed,
pattern of bands can be visualised by palcing gel on X-Ray film
reveals position of bands
gel electrophoresis
DNA fragments inseterd at top of plate
electric current switched on
DNA fragments move towards positive electorde
as DNA is - charge (phosphate )
smaller fragments, lighter move furthur
larger fragemnts, heavier dont move as far
different size fragments seperated into bands
DNA profiling
determine genetic relationsips by similarity of banding patterns
forensics, comparing DNA profile of suscpect and crime scene
medical diagnosis-identify individuals at risk of particular disease developing
plant and animal breeding- pevent inbreeding
