Genetics

Question 1

What is the basic unit of heredity?

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

True or False: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The observable characteristics of an organism are referred to as its ______.

Answer 3

Phenotype

Question 4

What are alleles?

Answer 4

Different forms of a gene.

Question 5

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a nucleotide component of DNA? A) Ribose B) Thymine C) Uracil D) Glucose

Answer 5

B) Thymine

Question 6

What process involves the copying of DNA to RNA?

Answer 6

Transcription

Question 7

True or False: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Answer 8

To translate mRNA into polypeptides.

Question 9

What is a genotype?

Answer 9

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the cell where DNA is located in eukaryotes.

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

Multiple Choice: Which of the following mutations does not change the amino acid sequence? A) Missense B) Nonsense C) Silent D) Frameshift

Answer 11

C) Silent

Question 12

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 12

To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Question 13

True or False: A homozygous individual has two identical alleles for a trait.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is genetic drift?

Answer 14

A mechanism of evolution that involves random changes in allele frequencies.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the segment of DNA that encodes a functional product.

Answer 15

Gene

Question 16

Multiple Choice: Which scientist is known for the laws of inheritance? A) Charles Darwin B) Gregor Mendel C) James Watson D) Francis Crick

Answer 16

B) Gregor Mendel

Question 17

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

Answer 17

To predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

Question 18

True or False: Crossing over occurs during meiosis.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are the four bases of DNA?

Answer 19

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The process by which DNA is replicated is called ______.

Answer 20

DNA replication

Question 21

Multiple Choice: What is the role of tRNA? A) To synthesize DNA B) To carry amino acids to the ribosome C) To transcribe RNA D) To replicate DNA

Answer 21

B) To carry amino acids to the ribosome

Question 22

What is epigenetics?

Answer 22

The study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence.

Question 23

True or False: Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The genetic code is read in sets of three nucleotides called ______.

Answer 24

Codons

Question 25

What is the primary function of DNA polymerase?

Answer 25

To synthesize new DNA strands during replication.