genetics

Question 1

Prokaryotic dna

Answer 1

Short, circular, no histone proteins

Question 2

Eukaryotic dna

Answer 2

Very long, linear, associated with proteins called histones

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A base sequence of dna that codes for either the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide or a functional RNA

Question 4

Locus

Answer 4

Fixed position of a gene on dna

Question 5

Triplet

Answer 5

A sequence of 3 DNA bases codes for a specific amino acid

Question 6

Codon

Answer 6

A sequence of 3 bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 7

Anti-codon

Answer 7

triplet bases that is complementary to a codon on tRNA

Question 8

Genome

Answer 8

Full set of genes in a cell

Question 9

Proteome

Answer 9

The full range of proteins a cell is able to produce

Question 10

Universal

Answer 10

Same genetic code is used in all organisms

Question 11

non-overlapping

Answer 11

codons are read consecutively so each base is read only once

Question 12

degenerate

Answer 12

more than one codon codes for the same amino acid sequence

Question 13

mRNA

Answer 13

Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes where it acts as a template for protein synthesis

Question 14

mRNA structure

Answer 14

Very long, single strand
Polymer of RNA nucleotides
posses information in the form of codons
sequence determines the amino acid sequence

Question 15

tRNA

Answer 15

Transfers amino acids that are used to make proteins to ribosomes

Question 16

tRNA structure

Answer 16

Shorter, single strand
H bonds between specific base pairs
Folds into clover shape
At one end a specific sequence of 3 bases (anticodon)
Other end is amino acid binding site