Genetics Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is a genotype?
An organism’s complete set of genes or its genetic makeup
What is homozygous?
The same
Ex: HH or hh
What is heterozygous?
Different/opposite
Ex: Hh
What is a phenotype?
The set of observable characteristics of an individual
What is a genotype ratio?
The ratio of the types of genes
What is a phenotypic ratio?
The ratio of the physical traits
What is a dominant allele?
One that expresses its associated trait even when only one copy is present in an individual’s genotype
What is a recessive allele?
A version of a gene that expresses its trait only when two copies are present
What is codominance?
Both alleles for a trait are fully expressed in a heterozygote
How did Mendel set up his genetic experiment?
By first creating pea plant populations with distinct traits, such as tall vs. short height, and then breeding them until they consistently produced offspring with the same traits as the parents
