Inheritance

Question 1

What is autosomal dominant?

Answer 1

Both parents have the trait as a dominant allele but it could not be passed to a child

Question 2

What is autosomal recessive?

Answer 2

Both parents have the trait as a recessive allele but a child could get both recessive

Question 3

What is sex-linked dominant?

Answer 3

A pattern of inheritance where a mutated gene on the X chromosome causes a condition, only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to cause the disorder

Question 4

What is sex-linked recessive?

Answer 4

Traits or disorders caused by genes located on the X chromosome that are recessive

Question 5

What is a carrier?

Answer 5

A female who carries a disorder that doesn’t have it themselves but can pass it down

Question 6

What is an X-inactivation?

Answer 6

The random inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in female cells of mammals

Question 7

What is a pedigree?

Answer 7

Showing the allele type of a family tree

Question 8

What does a circle mean in a pedigree?

Answer 8

Female (XX)

Question 9

What does a square mean in a pedigree?

Answer 9

Male (XY)

Question 10

What is the difference between a gain of function and a loss of function?

Answer 10

Gain: a protein that is more active or has a new function

Loss: a protein is less active or inactive