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Flashcards in genetics Deck (16)
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1
Q

Mendels first law of segregation

A

Alleles That encode for the same trait segregate

recall: homologous chromosomes seperate during the meiosis I

2
Q

Mendels second law independent assortment

A

Different chromosomes seperate independent of each other

3
Q

Name the conditions of the Hardy-Weinburg equillibrium

A

1) random mating
2) no mutations
3) isolated
4) large population
5) no selective pressures

4
Q

What is the formula for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 =1

p= Dominant allele 
q= recessive allele
5
Q

What is recombination?

A

In meiosis crossing over happens and linked traits get seperated into different gametes
further recombination happens in the gamete fusion

*the closer two traits are on a chromosome the less likely they will separate

6
Q

What is a point mutation?

A

Change in a single base pair of a gene

7
Q

What is a deletion?

A

removal in a sequence of DNA on a gene

8
Q

What is translocation?

A

when a chromosome breaks and pairs with another

9
Q

What is a duplication?

A

sequence of repeated DNA

10
Q

What is a frame shift mutation?

A

shift in the triplet reading frame

11
Q

What is a mutagen?

A

a substance that cause a mutation

12
Q

What happens in meiosis?

A

The chromosome is reduce from diploid 2N to haploid N

13
Q

What happens in prophase I?

A

1) the chromosome appear
2) nuclear membrane and nucleoli disappear
3) Spindle fibers organize
4) synapsis (pairing of homologous chromosomes
5) crossing over (chiasta form)

14
Q

What happens in metaphase I?

A

1)the synaptic chromosomes line up at the equitorial plate

15
Q

What happens in anaphase I

A

1) homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite sides of the spindle
centromeres do not divide

16
Q

What happens in telophase I

A

The parent cell divide into two daughter cells