Genetics

Question 1

Theory of Heredity

Answer 1

• Storage of information in DNA is common to all living things
• DNA is passed from parent to offspring

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

Transmission of traits from parents to their offspring

Question 3

Trait

Answer 3

Any characteristic of an individual

Question 4

Why use Common Garden Pea

Answer 4

• Easy to grow
• Short reproductive cycle
• large numbers of seeds
• Matings easy to control
• Traits easily recognizable

Question 5

Self-pollination

Answer 5

Female organ recieves pollen from male organs

Question 6

Cross-pollination

Answer 6

Collect pollen from one individual and transfer it to female organs of an individual whose male organs have been removed

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Individuals physical characteristics

Question 8

Pure lines

Answer 8

produce identical offspring when self pollinated

Question 9

Hybrids

Answer 9

Mated two different pure lines that differed in one or more traits

Question 10

Results of phenotypic ration in mendels monohybrid cross

Answer 10

3:1

Question 11

Genes

Answer 11

Hereditary determinants for a trait

Question 12

Alleles

Answer 12

• two different versions of a gene
• responsible for variaton in traits mendel studied

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

alleles found in an individual

Question 14

Principle of segregation

Answer 14

• Two memvers of each gene pair must segregate
• they separate into different gamete cells during formation of eggs and sperm

Question 15

Independent assortment

Answer 15

Alleles of different genes transmitted independently of each other

Question 16

Dependent assortment

Answer 16

Transmission of one allele depends on the transmition of another

Question 17

Hypothesis of dependent assortment

Answer 17

3:1 phenotypic ratio

Question 18

Hypothesis of independent assortment

Answer 18

9:3:3:1 phenotypic and genotypic ratio

Question 19

Test cross

Answer 19

homozygous recessive w/ unknown

Question 20

Mutation

Answer 20

heritable change in gene

Question 21

Autosomal recessive trait

Answer 21

• males/females equally likely to be affected
• Skips generations

Question 22

Autosomal dominant trait

Answer 22

• Males/females equally likely to be affected
• 1/2 pop gets if one parent is heterozygous
• does not skip generations

Question 23

x-linked recessive trait

Answer 23

• Males more frequently affected
• affected sons usually born to carrier mother
• 1/2 sons affected
• trait skips generations

Question 24

x-linked dominant trait

Answer 24

• males and females equally likely to be affected
• All daughters of affected father but no sons are affected
• affected sons have affected mothers
• 1/2 offspring of affected mother affected
• doesn’t skip generations

Question 25

Linkage

Answer 25

physical association of 2 or more genes found on same chromosome

Question 26

linked genes

Answer 26

* Transmitted together * violate principle of independent assortment

Question 27

More than 2 alleles at a locus

Answer 27

ie blood type

Question 28

Incomplete dominance

Answer 28

One allele is not completely expressed over another

Question 29

Pleiotropy

Answer 29

Gene that influences more than one trait I.e. Lincoln

Question 30

Epistasis

Answer 30

* Expression of genes at one locus depends on genes present at another locus *

Question 31

Multiple loci control trait

Answer 31

Bell curve of traits

Question 32

Environment affects phenotype

Answer 32

ie Height in north korea-- famine