Genetics

Question 1

term for: individual traits are inherited separately from each other

Answer 1

Independent Segregation (Mendel)

Question 2

<p>term for: genes for different traits are inherited separately from each other</p>

Answer 2

<p>Independent Assortment (Mendel)</p>

Question 3

Hardy-Weinberg principle (2 equations, definition for each unknown)

Answer 3

p + q = 1 p^2 + 2pq + q^2= 1

p = gene frequency of dominant allele q = gene frequency of recessive allele

Question 4

In humans, there are ____ pairs of autosomes and ___ pairs of sex chromosomes

Answer 4

22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 5

a segment of DNA that encodes a particular protein

Answer 5

a gene

Question 6

a genetically determined characteristic or condition

Answer 6

a trait

Question 7

alternative forms of a gene

Answer 7

alleles

Question 8

Two blood group systems encoded by X-borne genes

Answer 8

Xg system (XG gene) and Kx system (XK gene)

Question 9

Mutations or deletions in ____ gene result in McLeod phenotype red cells that lack ___ antigens and have reduced expression of ___ antigens

Answer 9

XK gene, lack Kx antigens, reduced Kell antigens

Question 10

The only blood group system gene subject to X-chromosome inactivation

Answer 10

Kx. Female carriers can have a dual population of Kx+ and Kx- cells

Question 11

The H and Se genes are located on chromosome ___

Answer 11

19

Question 12

ABO genes are located on chromosome ___

Answer 12

9q34

Question 13

The H gene elicits the production of an enzyme called ____________ which transfers the sugar _____ to an oligosaccharide chain on the terminal galactose of type 2 chains

Answer 13

α-2-L-fucosyltransferase; L-fucose

Question 14

H gene’s glycosyltransferase:

Answer 14

α-2-L-fucosyltransferase

Question 15

H gene’s immunodominant sugar:

Answer 15

L-fucose

Question 16

“A” gene’s glycosyltransferase:

Answer 16

α-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

Question 17

“A” gene’s immunodominant sugar:

Answer 17

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc)

Question 18

“B” gene’s glycosyltransferae:

Answer 18

α-3-D-galactosyltransferase

Question 19

“B” gene’s immunodominant sugar:

Answer 19

D-galactose

Question 20

% of population who are secretors (Sese or SeSe)

Answer 20

80%

Question 21

RBC antigens are synthesized only one type ___ precursor chains

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Secreted substances are primarily synthesized on type ___ precursor chains

Answer 22

1

Question 23

Type 2 chain refers to a beta __ –> __ linkage

Answer 23

beta 1 –> 4; #1 carbon on galactose to #4 carbon of N-acetylglucosamine

Question 24

Type 1 chain refers to a beta __ –> __ linkage

Answer 24

beta 1 –> 3; #1 carbon on galactose is attached to #4 carbon of N-acetylglucosamine

Question 25

Assume a woman's BV =

Answer 25

5000 ml

Question 26

1 kg =

Answer 26

2.2 lb

Question 27

of units to screen

Answer 27

#units needed/ ag neg frequency

Question 28

BV =

Answer 28

kg (75mL/kg)

Question 29

% blood lost =

Answer 29

volume lost/BV

Question 30

PV =

Answer 30

BV(1 - Hct)

Question 31

max volume collected =

Answer 31

10.5 ml/kg

Question 32

FUT2

Answer 32

Se gene, adds H

Question 33

FUT3

Answer 33

Le gene, adds Lea

Question 34

CCI =

Answer 34

(plt increase)(BSA)/plt (x10^11)

Question 35

Intrinsic factors, test, + drug

Answer 35

12, 11, 9, 8, Heparin, PTT

Question 36

Extrinsic factors

Answer 36

7, PT, warfarin (WaPTEx)

Question 37

relative risk

Answer 37

A*D/B*C

Question 38

sensitivity

Answer 38

TP/TP+FN

Question 39

specificity

Answer 39

TN/FP+TN

Question 40

Rh common in whites

Answer 40

R1, r, R2, R0, r', r'' | 1r 20' "

Question 41

Rh common in blacks

Answer 41

R0, r, R1, R2, r'

Question 42

what factors are reduced in thawed plasma

Answer 42

factors V and VIII

Question 43

CPD expiration

Answer 43

21 days

Question 44

CPDA-1 expiration

Answer 44

35 days

Question 45

AS-1,-3,-5 expiration

Answer 45

42 days

Question 46

factors in cryo

Answer 46

fibrinogen, factor 8, vWF, factor 13

Question 47

causes of a left shift

Answer 47

``` increased affinity (as in carbon monoxide poisoning) decreased temp, decreased 2,3-DPG, decreased H+ , decreased CO2 ```

Question 48

storage lesion

Answer 48

ATP decrease Potassium increase Sodium decrease

Question 49

purpose of adenine in additive solution

Answer 49

substrate for ATP synthesis

Question 50

purpose of citrate in additive solution

Answer 50

prevents coagulation by binding calcium

Question 51

absolute white count in leukoreduced RBCs

Answer 51

less than 5 x 10^6

Question 52

apheresis platelets must contain at least

Answer 52

3.0 x 10^11 platelets